Enflurane

Structural formula
Simplified structural formula without stereochemistry 1: 1 mixture of ( S ) form and ( R ) form
General
Non-proprietary name	Enflurane
other names	( RS ) -2-chloro-1-difluoromethoxy-1,1,2-trifluoroethane
Molecular formula	C 3 H 2 ClF 5 O
Brief description	colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 13838-16-9 EC number 237-553-4 ECHA InfoCard 100.034.126 PubChem 3226 DrugBank DB00228 Wikidata Q416740
Drug information
ATC code	N01 AB04
Drug class	Inhalation anesthetic
properties
Molar mass	184.49 g · mol -1
Physical state	liquid
density	1.5167 g cm −3 (25 ° C)
boiling point	56.5 ° C
Vapor pressure	233 h Pa (20 ° C)
solubility	slightly soluble in water (5.62 g l −1 at 25 ° C)
Refractive index	1.3025 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution H and P phrases H: 319 P: 305 + 351 + 338
MAK	150 mg m −3
Toxicological data	8,270 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
Global warming potential	705 (based on 100 years)
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Enflurane is a volatile anesthetic from the group of flurans, similar to halothane . It has good hypnotic and muscle relaxing effects , but only weak analgesic effects. It is no longer used worldwide , partly because of its narrow cardiovascular safety margin .

Chemistry and pharmacology

The blood-gas distribution coefficient of enflurane is 1.9, that is, at a concentration of 1 percent by volume ( % by volume ) in the alveoli , the concentration in the blood is 1.9% by volume. This results in a medium-fast sleep and wake-up phase. The minimum alveolar concentration is 1.68%, so enflurane is about as potent as isoflurane . Enflurane is only slightly irritating to the mucous membranes.

The rate of metabolism of enflurane is 2-3%, which means that the likelihood of liver damage is low. The importance of the resulting fluoride compounds has not yet been clarified. Enflurane increases the tendency to cramp, muscle twitching up to myoclonus and epileptiform seizures , especially in connection with hyperventilation , have been described. The antihypertensive effect of enflurane is more pronounced than that of the other inhalation anesthetics. Like the other inhalation anesthetics , enflurane increases intracranial pressure and triggers malignant hyperthermia and porphyria.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Entry on enflurane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on April 11, 2020(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-228.
3. ↑ G. Myhre, D. Shindell et al .: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis . Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Ed .: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . 2013, Chapter 8: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing, pp. 24-39; Table 8.SM.16 ( PDF ).
4. ↑ Reinhard Larsen: Anesthesia and intensive medicine in cardiac, thoracic and vascular surgery. (1st edition 1986) 5th edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York et al. 1999, ISBN 3-540-65024-5 , pp. 6-8.

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