Entoloma subg. Leptonia

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Entoloma subg. Leptonia
Violet tenderloin (Entoloma euchroum)

Violet tenderloin ( Entoloma euchroum )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Red bloom relatives (Entolomataceae)
Genre : Red rot ( Entoloma )
Subgenus : Entoloma subg. Leptonia
Scientific name
Entoloma subg. Leptonia
( Fr  .: Fr. ) Noordel.

Entoloma subg. Leptonia , also called Zärtlinge , is a subgenus of the genus Rötlinge , which is divided into the four sections Cyanula , Griseorubida , Leptonia and Rhamphocystotae as well as several subsections and Stirpse.

The type species is the violet tenderloin ( Entoloma euchroum ).

features

The subgenus Leptonia consists of species with carrot-like , more rarely helmlings- and umbilical-like fruiting bodies . As a rule, the hat is not clearly hygrophan and has a fibrous, felty or flaky structure. The top layer of the hat ( Pileipellis ) is at least in the center a Trichoderm, Hymeniderm or a transition between the two species. At the edge, the structure is a cutis made of lying fungal threads ( hyphae ) or a transition between a cutis and a trichoderm. The pigment is mostly intracellular, more rarely also encrusting . Buckles on the transverse walls ( septa ) of the hyphae are either present or absent.

Systematics

Section cyanula

This section includes the “classic” leptonies with predominantly brightly colored fruiting bodies on poor grassland , which are sometimes associated with saplings . The group is rich in species and the individual taxa are sometimes difficult to distinguish from one another. A successful determination often requires a collection of beautiful, fresh specimens. Particular attention should be paid to any color changes. An important microscopic feature within this section is the presence of numerous refractive granules in the hyphae of the trama . These granules, referred to by Romagnesi as “granules brilliantes”, sometimes hinder a detailed examination of the trama's structure. The Cyanula section is divided into several Stirpse .

Stirps anatinum

Graulilastieliger Zärtling
( Entoloma griseocyaneum )

Characteristic of the fruiting bodies of this group are brown, gray, red-brown or blackish-brown hats that do not have any blue or purple tones even when they are young. A translucent groove is either absent or limited to the edge. The hat surface shows a completely felty, flaky or bulky structure. The bark of the gray-blue, blue or purple colored stalk is fibrous to scaly.

  • Duck tenderloin - Entoloma anatinum (Lasch 1829: Fries 1832) Donk 1949
  • Matt-stalked affectionate - Entoloma coeruleoflocculosum Noordeloos 1985
  • Graulilastieliger Zärtling - Entoloma griseocyaneum (Fries 1818: Fries 1821) P. Kummer 1871
  • Grobschuppiger Zärtling - Entoloma scabrosum (Fries 1838) Noordeloos 1985
    • Entoloma scabrosum var.  Microsporum E. Ludwig & Noordeloos 2007
  • Royal Affectionate - Entoloma viaregale Noordeloos 1984

Stirps asprellum

Steel-blue-stemmed rötling
( Entoloma asprellum )
Montaner bluestalk tenderloin
( Entoloma sodale )

Typical for this group are fruit bodies with a yellow-brown, brown, reddish or grayish-brown hat without blue or purple tones. The hat is clearly serrated, even in the young stages. The polished stem shows a blue, purple or steel blue color.

Stirps Chalybaeum

The Stirps Chalybaeum contains species with fruiting bodies, the hat and stem of which are blue or purple in color. Young slats are blue, then also tinged pink.

Stirps Corvinum

Slate-gray tenderloin
( Entoloma mougeotii )

In the Stirps Corvinum , species with fruiting bodies are grouped, the hat and stem of which are blue or purple in color. As a rule, the hat does not show any translucent grooves and has a more or less completely felty, fibrous-scaly or bulky-scaly surface. Young slats are white. The stem is polished or fibrous, but never scaly.

Stirps cyanulum

In the stirps cyanulum there are species with fruiting bodies that have a blue hat and stem. The hat is normally grooved from the edge to the middle and has narrow scales in the center, otherwise it has a fibrous to smooth structure. The lamellae have either sterile or fertile cutting edges.

Stirps Exile

The fruiting bodies of this group have pale greyish, yellowish or almost white hat colors, often with a fairly clearly defined center or completely dark in color when young. The initially whitish lamellae are later colored light pink. The polished stem shows a blue-gray or steel-gray, sometimes green or blue-green color, but never vivid green or yellow-green colors.

  • Olive-stemmed tenderloin - Entoloma chloropolium (Fries 1863) MM Moser 1980
    • Entoloma chloropolium f. aberrans E. Ludwig 2007
  • Thin-stemmed affectionate - Entoloma exile (Fries 1818: Fries 1821) Hesler 1967
    • Entoloma exile var.  Fertile Noordeloos, Wölfel & Hausknecht 1995
    • Entoloma exile var.  Pyrospilum (PD Orton 1960) Noordeloos 1985
  • Entoloma violaceoviride Arnolds & Noordeloos 2004

Stirps Formosum

Rust-hatched pet
( Entoloma formosum )

Typical in Stirps Formosum are the fruiting bodies, the hat and stem of which are yellow, yellow-brown or red-brown in color. The handle is polished.

Stirps Griseoviridulum

In the Stirps Griseoviridulum there are species whose fruiting bodies have a blue-green stem with a fibrous surface. As in the Stirps Serrulatum , the lamellar blades are sterile, but have no pigmentation.

Stirps Ianthinomeleagris

The fruiting bodies of this group have clearly fibrous, radial-striped hats with rows of tiny gray scales on a purple-brown background. Cheilocystids are absent or interspersed between the basidia.

Stirps Incanum

Brown-green tenderloin
( Entoloma incanum )

The Stirps Incanum includes species with fruiting bodies whose stem and often also their hat have shades of yellow to olive. The flesh, which turns blue-green when squashed, is striking, especially in the handle.

Stirps Leochromus

Lion-colored Rötling
( Entoloma cf.  leochromus )

The Stirps Leochromus contains species with yellowish-gray fruiting bodies, whose hat is neither hygrophan nor translucent serrated.

  • Lion-colored Rötling - Entoloma leochromus Noordeloos & Liiv 1992
    • Entoloma leochromus var.  Obscurum Noordeloos & Prüfert 2004

Stirps Ochromicaceum

Stirps porphyrofibrillum

The porphyry-colored hats and stems with a fibrous, scaly surface are striking on the fruiting bodies of this group.

Stirps Prunicolor

The stirps prunicolor includes species with fruiting bodies whose hat is dark gray-purple with a crimson center. The cutting edges are colored like the lamellar surfaces.

  • Plum- colored petling - Entoloma prunicolor Örstadius & A. Rydberg 2004

Stirps Queletii

Pink flocked petling
( Entoloma queletii )

The stirps queletii includes fruiting bodies with an ocher colored hat. Young and fresh specimens often have purple-pink tones. Cheilocystides are present.

  • Golden scaly petling - Entoloma kervernii (De Guernisac 1876) MM Moser 1978
  • Pink fluffy petling - Entoloma queletii (Boudier 1877) Noordeloos 1983

Stirps Roseotinctum

In the Stirps Ursulae there are grouped species with fruiting bodies whose hat is grayish pink in color and has no grooves. The handle is gray and polished.

Stirps Roseum

Pink tenderloin
Entoloma roseum
Amethyst Anthias
( Entoloma roseum var.  Catalaunicum )

The stirps roseum contains species with fruiting bodies, the hat and sometimes also the stem are pink in color. The hat is serrated translucent and the stem shows a polished surface.

  • Violet-colored petling - Entoloma ianthinum (Romagnesi & J. Favre 1938) Noordeloos 1982
  • Reinwald's Rötling - Entoloma reinwaldii Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2000
  • Pink Zärtling - Entoloma roseum (Longyear 1902) Hesler 1967
    • Amethyst Rötling - Entoloma roseum var.  Catalaunicum (Singer 1936) E. Ludwig 2007

Stirps rufocarneum

In the stirps rufocarneum , fruit bodies are organized with a red, ungrazed hat and a red, polished stem. There are no cystids on the blades of the lamellae.

  • Brick-red petling - Entoloma rufocarneum (Berkeley 1836) Noordeloos 1985

Stirps sarcitulum

Yellow-brown tenderloin
( Entoloma longistriatum )

The Stirps Sarcitulum includes fruiting bodies with a gloomy yellow, yellowish-gray or yellowish-brown hat and stem, which, however, are never as brightly colored as, for example, in the Stirps Formosum . The hat is usually slightly hygrophane and grooved translucently, the stem is polished.

  • Black- edged affectionate - Entoloma atromarginatum (Romagnesi & J. Favre 1938) Zschieschang 1984
  • Entoloma caliginosum (Romagnesi & J. Favre 1938) Bon & Courtecuisse 1987
  • Yellow-brown petling - Entoloma longistriatum (Peck 1911) Noordeloos 1988
    • Entoloma longistriatum var.  Microsporum (Noordeloos 1985) Noordeloos 1988
    • Entoloma longistriatum var.  Sarcitulum (PD Orton 1960) Noordeloos 1988

Stirps Scabropellis

Characteristic for the stirps Scabropellis are fruit bodies with a fine to sparse, scaly hat surface, which consists of gray-brown scales on a much paler background. The stalk is strongly fibrated whitish. The lamellar edges are fertile - cheilocystidia are absent.

Stirps Serrulatum

Serrated petlet
( Entoloma serrulatum )

The species of this stirps form a clearly recognizable group in the subgenus Leptonia due to the specially structured lamellae edges. A strand of sterile hyphae runs along the cutting edge, ending in dense clusters of often linked end cells. The end cells are inflated and usually filled with a blue, brown, or black intracellular pigment. There are a few species in this group that are mainly separated from each other by the colors of the fruiting bodies. The Stirps Serrulatum is possibly an interesting group to use molecular methods to explore the specific limits.

Stirps Turci

Characteristic for the Stirps Turci are fruit bodies with a rather dark brown hat and stem and usually gray or red tones, but always without cheerful colors. The hat is not hygrophan, not grooved or only slightly translucent and, at least at a young age, has a very fine felted or scaly surface. The polished or finely fibrous stem has a gray-brown or yellow-gray color.

Stirps Ursulae

In the Stirps Roseotinctum there are species with fruiting bodies, the hats of which have violet-blue scales on a pink background. The blade edges are violet-pink and the handle steel blue. The whitish fiber stalk becomes bald with age and then looks polished.

Beautiful-handled pet - Entoloma ursulae Noordeloos, Wölfel & A. Hausknecht 1995

Section Griseorubida

The species of the Griseorubida section show fruiting bodies, the top layer of which consists of a cutis with a transition to a trichoderm of inflated elements. The pigment is intracellular. Cheilocystides are often present and then bulky. There are two subsections: Griseorubida with spores over 10 µm in length and sometimes spindle-shaped or bottle-shaped cheilocystidae and Parvisporae with spores less than 10 µm in length and - if present - usually club-shaped to spherical cheilocystidae.

Subsection Griseorubida

  • Entoloma calaminare Noordeloos 1984
  • Colored striped petlet - Entoloma cocles (Fries 1838) Noordeloos 1981
  • Gray and yellow tenderloin - Entoloma griseoxanthopus Courtecuisse 1993
  • Olive-hatched pet - Entoloma indutoides (PD Orton 1960) Noordeloos 1984
    • Gray Red Zärtling - Entoloma indutoides . Var  griseorubidum (Kühner 1953 ex Noordeloos 1984) Noordeloos, Woelfel & A. servant 1995
      • Entoloma indutoides f. anserolens (Eyssartier & Hermitte 2003) Noordeloos 2004
    • Entoloma indutoides var.  Pleurocystidiatum Noordeloos, Woelfel & A. servant 1995

Parvispora subsection

Section Leptonia

Lilac-stemmed tenderloin
( Entoloma cf.  allochroum )
Two-color Zärtling
( Entoloma dichroum )

Characteristic for the section Leptonia are fruiting bodies with a cap skin, which consists of a cutis with transitions to a trichoderm. It is made up of long, septate hyphae with inflated end cells. The stem often has a fibrous to scaly surface. The hyphae septa have buckles.

Section Rhamphocystotae

The section Rhamphocystotae includes fruiting bodies with buckles on the hypensepta. On the lamellar edges there are club-beaked to spindle-shaped or bottle-shaped cheilocystids, often with refractive contents.

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The larger genera of the Agaricales with colored spore powder (except Cortinariaceae) . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 2 . Fungicon, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-940316-01-1 , p. 293-294 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Machiel Evert Noordeloos : Entoloma sl (supplement) . In: Fungi Europaei . 5A. Edizioni Candusso, Alassio 2004, ISBN 88-901057-4-7 .