Eresos
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Eresos Municipality Δημοτική Κοινότητα Ερεσού (Ερεσός) |
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| Basic data | |||
| Country |
 Greece
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| region | North Aegean | ||
| Regional district | Lesbos | ||
| local community | Dytiki Lesvos | ||
| Parish | Eresos-Andissa | ||
| Geographic coordinates | 39 ° 10 ′ N , 25 ° 56 ′ E | ||
| Height above d. M. |
45 m |
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| surface | 65.609 km² | ||
| Residents | 1611 (2011) | ||
| LAU-1 code no. | 53010501 | ||
| Local division | 5 | ||
| Post Code | 81105 | ||
| Telephone code | 22530-5 | ||
The small town of Eresos ( Greek Ερεσός ( f. Sg. ), Turkish Herse ) is located in the west of the Greek island of Lesvos . With the surrounding villages and settlements it forms the municipality of Eresos ( Δημοτική Κοινότητα Ερεσού Dimotikí Kinótita Eresóu ) in the municipality of Eresos-Andissa of the municipality of Dytiki Lesvos . According to the 2011 census, Eresos had 1,086 inhabitants.
location
Eresos is located in the west of Lesvos, about 4 km north of the small port and tourist town of Skala Eresou (Σκάλα Ερεσού). The nearest larger towns are Andissa 8 km north, Sigri 8.5 km west and Kalloni 25 km east. The area is characterized by gentle terrain. The place is located in a south-facing valley at a height of about 100 m. The dry stream Karasaris (Καρασάρης) flows east of Eresos and flows through the southern location and after about 2.5 km flows into the Chalandras (Χαλάνδρας). The valley is flanked on both sides by flat hills. To the northeast, the terrain becomes steeper and higher, the Koryfoula (Κορυφούλα) reaches 383 m as the highest mountain in the area. To the south the valley opens up and the terrain becomes increasingly flat. The only significant elevation in the valley is the Profitis Ilias with about 140 m height, between Karasaris and Lifonakas (Λιφωνάκας), another dry stream. Sprawl is increasing in the agriculturally used valley with tree and vegetable crops, east of the Chalandras a little north of Skala Eresou the scattered settlement of Psinia (Ψίνια) emerged at the end of the 20th century .
history
The founding of today's Eresos is believed to have been at the end of the 17th century. Strabon's description that "Eresos lies on a hill and reaches the sea" refers to the Vigla hill east of Skala Eresou .
An archaeological inspection in the valley of Eresos resulted in four chronologically separate settlement periods. Evidence of early Bronze Age settlement are extensive pottery finds near two isolated hills in the valley. The ancient city of Eresos was located on and on the Vigla hill east of Skala Eresou. In the Roman and later from the Ottoman to modern times, people lived scattered in the valley in the immediate vicinity of their arable land.
From the Late Bronze Age to the Hellenistic period, Eresos formed a political unit on Lesbos. First as Eptapolis (επτάπολις) followed in archaic times the subdivision of the Exapolis (ειάπολις) and finally, since the classical period, the five Aeolian city-states of Pendapolis (πεντάπολις).
In the 6th century BC The fortified port city had developed into an important trading center. The wealth was based on products such as cereals, especially barley, sesame, figs and grapes. The trade relations extended to mainland Greece, Troy, the Hellespont and to Egypt. A polygonal wall encircled the foot of Vigla Hill. In the late 4th century BC Tyrants ruled over the polis ; in connection with their expulsion there were bloody fighting, of which an inscription reports (IG XII 526). In the 1st century BC Then Eresus became part of the Imperium Romanum .
The fortress built on the hill in Byzantine times was further expanded and strengthened under the rule of the Genoese patrician family Gattilusio . After the Ottoman conquest in September 1462, Eresos increasingly lost its importance towards Sigri, where a new fortress was built.
administration
In the Ottoman period Eresos was the seat of the Nahiya Eresos ( Turkish Herse Nahiyesi ) of the judicial district of Kaza Molyvos ( Καζά του Μόλυβου , Molova Kazası ) in the Sandschak Midilli ( Midilli Sancağı ) until 1912 . After Lesbos was annexed to Greece, the village formed an independent rural community as Kinotita Eressou ( Κοινότητα Ερεσσού ) since 1918 . Through several smaller territorial reforms, the community expanded and received as Dimos Eresou ( Δήμος Ερεσού ) in 1948 the status of a township. The municipality reform according to the Kapodistrias program in 1997 led to the amalgamation with the municipality of Andissa to form the municipality of Eresos-Andissa ( Δήμος Ερεσού-Αντίσσης Dímos Eresóu-Andíssis ) with Eresos as the administrative seat. As part of the 2010 local government reform , the island's municipalities became the newly created municipality of Lesbos . Since then Eresos has had the status of a municipality ( Δημοτική Κοινότητα Dimotikí Kinótita ) in the municipality of Eresos-Andissa . In addition to the main town, the Eresos district consists of four other villages and hamlets with 1611 inhabitants. Since the correction of the administrative reform in 2019, Eresos has belonged to the municipality of Dytiki Lesvos .
- Population development of Eresos
| Surname | Greek name | 1840 | 1874 | 1920 | 1928 | 1940 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eresos | Ερεσός | 377 | 545 | 2485 | 2892 | 3131 | 2793 | 2675 | 1772 | 1392 | 1247 | 1097 | 1086 |
| Scale Eresou | Σκάλα Ερεσού ( f. Sg. ) | 94 | 213 | 169 | 142 | 112 | 34 | 102 | 306 | 354 | 349 | ||
| Moni Pithariou | Mονή Πιθαρίου ( f. Sg. ) | 7th | 4th | ||||||||||
| Chliara | Χλιαρά ( n. Pl. ) | 67 | 59 | ||||||||||
| Christos | Χριστός ( m. Sg. ) | 17th | 47 | ||||||||||
| Psinia | Ψίνια ( n. Pl. ) | 46 | 70 | ||||||||||
| total | 2586 | 3105 | 3304 | 2935 | 2787 | 1806 | 1494 | 1553 | 1581 | 1611 | |||
economy
In addition to agriculture in the valley, pasture farming is widespread in the wider area. While there is hardly any tourist infrastructure in Eresos, the coastal town of Skala Eresou, birthplace of the ancient poetess Sappho , has developed into a tourist center in the west of Lesbos.
tourism
From 1900 on, Renée Vivien spent eight summers on Lesbos with her partner Natalie Barney . Women from Europe and America followed their example in order to be able to live here in search of love and freedom. With the burgeoning lesbian and feminist movement in Western Europe and North America, this phenomenon intensified from the late 1970s. Since then, Skala Eresou has been an international meeting place for lesbians. Initially, the residents viewed the lesbian way of life as strange and derogatory, but attitudes changed due to the tourism crisis. With the takeover of tourism businesses by lesbian women since the end of the 1990s, the penetration into the local economic structure is connected at the same time. Every year in September the Sappho's Pride - International Women's Festival takes place for two weeks .
Several European travel companies have the place in their program. The approximately 2.5 km long sandy beach is regularly awarded the Blue Flag .
Personalities
Eresos is the birthplace of
- Sappho (* between 630 and 612 BC - around 570 BC), poet
- Theophrastus of Eresos (* around 371 - probably 287 BC), philosopher and naturalist
- Phainias of Eresus (about 375–300 BC), philosopher
Individual evidence
- ↑ National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΣΥΕ) according to 2001 census , p. 115 (PDF, 793 kB)
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census, Greek Statistical Office (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ↑ Strabon 13, 2,4
- ↑ Gerald Schaus: An Archaeological Field Survey at Eresos, Lesbos . In: Echos du monde classique / Classical Views . tape 15 . London 1996, p. 27-74 .
- ↑ Ourania Kouka: Settlement organization in the North and East Aegean during the Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC) . In: International Archeology . tape 58 . Marie Leidorf Verlag, Rahden 2002, ISBN 978-3-89646-330-2 , p. 144 (Dissertation: University of Heidelberg, 1996).
- ↑ Οχυρό-Βίγλα Ερεσού , Greek Culture and Ministry (Greek)
- ↑ Population of Eresos in 1840 and 1874, Ευρυδίκη Σιφναίου: Λέσβος, Οικονομική και Κοινωνική Ιστορία (1840–1912) . Athens 1996, ISBN 978-0-00-702205-2 , pp. 395 .
- ↑ Population of Eresos 1920–2001, Greek Statistical Office ELSTAT, Digital Library (Greek)
- ↑ Venetia Kantsa: Certain Places Have Different Energy: Spatial Transformations in Eresos, Lesvos , GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies - Volume 8, Number 1–2, 2002, pp. 39f Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . ISSN 1527-9375
- ↑ Jutta Lauth Bacas: Women's tourism and cultural change on the island of Lesbos (Greece) . In: Susanne Schröter (Ed.): Body and Identity: Ethnological Approaches to the Construction of Gender . LIT Verlag, Münster 1998 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
- ↑ Sappho's Pride - International Women's Festival
- ↑ Skala Eresou, Blue Flag ( Memento of the original from July 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
