Erich Drach

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Erich Drach (born April 26, 1885 in Munich , † July 15, 1935 in Berlin ) was a German specialist in German and speech. He established speech training as a separate discipline and is one of the most important pioneers of today's speech science .

Life

Erich Drach was a son of the actor couple Anna Maria and Emil Drach . After 1903 the Royal Maximiliansgymnasium the Munich university had acquired, he studied German philology at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich. In 1908 he did his doctorate with Franz Muncker with a dissertation on Ludwig Tieck's stage reform. In the same year he married Maria Streibl in Munich. He then attended Max Reinhardt's drama school . Until 1914 he played as the first hero at the theaters in Heidelberg, Oldenburg and Lübeck.

After a short time, Drach was dismissed from service at the front during World War I due to a heart condition. He then devoted himself to studies of the anatomy and physiology of voice and language with the ENT doctor and voice physiologist Theodor Flatau . From 1915 Drach taught as a senior teacher at high schools in Bavaria and Prussia and as head of the seminar for professional speakers at the newly opened Berlin Central Institute for Education and Teaching . In 1917 his first marriage was divorced and he married the opera singer Margareta Valeska Martini in Breslau. He had a son from both marriages. In 1917, Drach succeeded Emil Milans as lecturer for speech and lecture art at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin . Together with Friedrich Buch (senior teacher in Jena), Albert Fischer (director of the Bonn City Theater), Ewald Geißler (lecturer at the University of Erlangen), Martin Seydel (University of Leipzig) and Richard Wittsack (University of Halle), Drach founded the working group of the scientifically educated in 1920 Representative of voice studies, lecturing and language skills . From 1922 to 1933 Drach also worked as an extraordinary teacher of speech at the State Academy for Church and School Music in Berlin.

In 1922 Drach published the book speech training , which appeared in 12 editions by 1953. His approach was under the motto "Education to speak through speaking". Drach worked on the guidelines for the curricula of the higher schools in Prussia , in which compulsory speech training was required. He retired from work at the Central Institute for Education and Teaching in 1925, and handed over the management of speech training there to his student Hans Lebede. At the 2nd International Congress for Speech Therapy and Phoniatry in July 1926 in Vienna, Drach was a member of the Presidium, after which he was a member of the International Society for Speech Therapy and Phoniatry .

Drach contributed several articles to the subject dictionary of German studies published by Walther Hofstaetter and Ulrich Peters in 1930 . He initiated a conference on “Voice and Language” sponsored by the Central Institute, which took place in November 1930 in Berlin. This was followed by the first meeting of the German Committee for Speech Studies and Speech Education (DAfSuS), of which Drach was chairman until 1933. The committee offered an "exam for freelance speech trainers". It was the forerunner organization of today's German Society for Speech Science and Speech Education (DGSS). Drach was on the advisory committee for Theodor Siebs ' Deutsche Bühnenaussprache .

Drach was a member of the SPD from 1923 to around 1931 . According to his own statements, he voted for the first time the NSDAP in the Reichstag election in July 1932 . After the National Socialists came to power, he joined the NSDAP - probably in May 1933. In June 1933 he became head of the office for German language maintenance in the culture department of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office . His colleague Maximilian Weller , also a founding member of the DAfSuS and NSDAP member since 1931, became Reichsobmann for language issues of the Reichsfachschaft university professor in the National Socialist Teachers' Union (NSLB) and appointed Drach as his deputy. In December 1933 Weller took over the management of the DAfSuS and brought it into line with the introduction of the Führer principle and the Aryan principle. Drach protested Weller's appointment and instead proposed collegial leadership of the committee. Weller then denounced Drach to the Reich leadership of the NSLB as a “Francophile Marxist” and “outspoken representative of the liberalist-Marxist system”. Under his chairmanship, the DAfSuS was “constantly quarreling with one another and totally incapable of action”. As a result, Drach lost his position at the Academy for Church and School Music, and he also withdrew from work for the DAfSuS.

In his basic ideas of the German sentence theory , which appeared posthumously in 1937 , Drach formulated the field model of the German sentence . Sick of cancer, he died on July 15, 1935 after biliary surgery.

Publications (selection)

  • Speech training . Diesterweg, Frankfurt am Main 1922.
  • The speaking arts. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1926.
  • The artistic lecture . Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig 1927.
  • Spoken design theory. In: Hans Lebede: Speech training, speech, lecture art . 1930, pp. 24-70.
  • German pronunciation theory for use abroad. Diesterweg, Frankfurt am Main 1931.
  • Orator and speech. Hans Bott, Berlin 1932.
  • Basic ideas of the German sentence theory . Diesterweg, Frankfurt am Main 1937 (published posthumously).
  • The record in German language lessons . Frankfurt am Main: Diesterweg, 1937.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Franziska Fuchs: The Development of Speech Science. Three important professional representatives. In: logo report , No. 6/1996, pp. 2-10.
  2. ↑ a b c Christian Winkler:  Drach, Erich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 94 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ a b c Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, p. 108.
  4. ↑ Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, p. 135.
  5. ↑ Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, p. 109.
  6. ↑ Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, pp. 108-109, 339.
  7. ↑ Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, p. 169.
  8. ↑ Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, p. 110.
  9. ↑ Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, p. 354.
  10. ↑ Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, pp. 167, 328, 339-340, 341-342, 357.
  11. ↑ Marita Pabst-Weinschenk: The constitution of speech and speech training by Erich Drach. 1993, pp. 110, 363.
personal data
SURNAME Drach, Erich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German high school teacher, founder of speech science
DATE OF BIRTH April 26, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1935
Place of death Berlin