First Bavarian House War

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The four Bavarian partial duchies after the division of the country in 1392 (Bayern-Ingolstadt brown)

The First Bavarian House War was a military conflict in the winter of 1394/95 within the House of Wittelsbach as a result of the Bavarian division of 1392 .

prehistory

When the Bavarian state was divided in 1392 , the sons of Stephen II divided Bavaria again after 17 years of joint government. The three partial duchies of Bayern-Landshut , Bayern-Ingolstadt and Bayern-Munich were created . Bavaria-Landshut fell to Duke Friedrich , Bavaria-Ingolstadt became Stephan III. drawn and Johann II , on whose initiative the division went back, received Bayern-Munich. Stephan III. felt cheated in the division. An impending war was initially prevented by the sudden death of the Landshut Duke Friedrich at the end of 1393. Stephan and Johann took over the guardianship of Friedrich's underage son Heinrich XVI. However, the conflicts between Munich and Ingolstadt soon broke out again as both sides tried to expand their influence in rich Lower Bavaria . In 1394/95, during the First Bavarian House War, armed conflicts broke out between the Munich and Ingolstadt lines.

course

Stephen's son Ludwig VII wanted to forestall the Munich war preparations. He attacked Freising on Christmas Eve 1394 , but this failed. Freising's Bishop Berthold von Wehingen was also Chancellor of the Austrian dukes Albrecht and Wilhelm , who had allied themselves with Johann. Ludwig then threatened Pfaffenhofen and plundered Neustadt an der Donau , which was also in the Duchy of Munich , on Epiphany . In return, the Munich dukes turned against Aichach and Friedberg and burned the castle in Markt Schwaben down. The disputes dragged on until Candlemas , but ended with no clear result. After the end of the hostilities, the dukes agreed in September 1395, united by common external enemies, to govern Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt together again.

Aftermath

After Johann II died in 1397, Stephan III tried. his priority over Johann's sons Ernst and Wilhelm III. asserted and supported the uprising of the Munich guilds against the young dukes. It was not until 1403 that Ernst and Wilhelm were able to regain control of the city and enforce a permanent return to the division of 1392.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the division of land from 1392 Beatrix Ettelt, Der Teilungsvertrag dated November 19, 1392, in: Bayern-Ingolstadt, Bayern-Landshut, pp. 9-17.
  2. ↑ To Wilhelm III. August Kluckhohn : Duke Wilhelm III. of Bavaria, the protector of the Basel Council and governor of Emperor Sigmund . In: Research on German history . tape 2 , 1862, p. 519-615 .
  3. ↑ On the events up to 1403 Rudolf Böhmer: The time of the four dukes in Upper Bavaria-Munich and their prehistory. Attempt to represent the exact timing of the events . CH Beck, Munich 1937.

literature

  • Siegfried Hofmann, Beatrix Ettelt (Eds.): Bayern-Ingolstadt, Bayern-Landshut 1392–1506. Splendor and misery of a division . Ingolstadt City Archives, Ingolstadt 1992, ISBN 3-932113-06-3 (exhibition catalog).
  • Theodor Straub: Bavaria under the sign of the divisions and partial duchies (1347–1450) . In: Max Spindler , Andreas Kraus (Ed.): Das Alte Bayern. The territorial state from the end of the 12th century to the end of the 18th century (=  Handbook of Bavarian History ). 2nd Edition. tape II . CH Beck, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-406-32320-0 .
  • Theodor Straub : Duke Ludwig the Bearded of Bavaria-Ingolstadt and his relations with France in the period from 1391 to 1415 (=  Munich historical studies. Department of Bavarian History . Volume 7 ). Lassleben, Kallmünz 1965 (also dissertation, Munich 1966).