Narrative research

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The traditional narrative research (also: Volksprosa research ) is a branch of ethnology. It deals with the types of text that André Jolles describes as simple forms , such as fairy tales , myths , sagas , Schwank or jokes . Modern narrative research also includes certain present-day narrative forms such as everyday history , everyday narration , work memories, autobiographical narration , family memories, experiences of illness and hospital memories, travelogues and modern legends .

Finnish school

Although the fairy tale attracted by far the greatest attention for many decades due to its unique popularity, there is still a lot of secondary literature to be found today, even on the lesser-known genres - such as examples , faceties or local whimsy . This is due to primarily a (for the whole Folklore institutionalized ) international cooperation and a comparative methodology since the first half of the 20th century.

Particularly noteworthy here is the Finnish school of narrative research, which reacted to the irrationalist , mythological and romantic schools of the 19th century with its geographical-historical method from the 1880s and paved the way for scientific narrative research. This method envisaged that all variants of a specific narrative type should be compared with one another in order to be able to draw analytical conclusions about age, country of origin, hiking trails and distribution.

The founders are the three Finnish storytelling researchers Julius Krohn , his son Kaarle Krohn and Antti Aarne , on whose work the Aarne-Thompson Index is based. However, the most influential exponent became Walter Anderson , especially due to his excellent model study Kaiser and Abbot of 1923.

Today's issues

Since the Finnish school was not even theoretically able to meet the demands placed on it, it was repeatedly sharply criticized. In the course of time, more and more pluralistic research questions developed , which are mainly shaped by cultural studies, literary studies, psychological, religious studies, sociological or structuralistic, and two of which are briefly touched upon below.

Oral / written form

Oral traditions can only be traced back to the beginning of the 19th century due to their relative short life; As for the numerous centuries before that, one is dependent on literary and written sources. What research is now doing, for example, is the critical interpretation of older writings with the help of more recent records from the oral tradition. In addition, questions arise about the intermediary between oral and written culture, about the reasons for the - in some cases remarkable - tradition and the respective selection processes.

performance

The performance , in particular the use of language and staging, is also shaped by the narrator himself. In contrast to traditional narrative research, which was only concerned with the texts themselves, more recent folklore is particularly interested in the so-called narrator personalities: who exactly is this man or woman who has a considerable repertoire of fairy tales and legends , Jokes or the like can fall back on? What can be said about their social position and what about their creativity? The question of where the narrative is located can be just as important; Do you only get to hear the stories in a family circle or do the narrative processes also take place in public spaces?

See also

Portal: Fabrics and Motifs  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of fabrics and motifs

literature

  • Walter Anderson : Kaiser and Abt. The story of a swank (= FF Communications . No. 42 = Bd. 9). Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia - Academia Scientiarum Fennica, Helsinki 1923.
  • Hermann Bausinger : Forms of "folk poetry" (= basics of German studies. 6). 2nd, improved and increased edition. E. Schmidt, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-503-01632-5 .
  • Rolf Wilhelm Brednich (ed.): Encyclopedia of fairy tales. Concise dictionary for historical and comparative narrative research. Founded by Kurt Ranke . 15 volumes. de Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 1975-2015, ISBN 3-11-005805-7 .
  • Volker Ladenthin : Fair telling. Studies on Thomas Mann's story “Das Gesetz”, Theodor Storm and Ernst Toller. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8260-4414-4 .
  • Albrecht Lehmann : narrative structure and curriculum vitae. Autobiographical Investigations. Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1983, ISBN 3-593-33100-4 (Also: Hamburg, University, habilitation paper).
  • Rudolf Schenda : From mouth to ear. Building blocks for a cultural history of folk storytelling in Europe (= Vandenhoeck Collection. ). Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1993, ISBN 3-525-01354-X .
  • Leander Petzoldt : Introduction to saga research (= UTB . 2353). 3. Edition. UVK-Verlags-Gesellschaft, Konstanz 2002, ISBN 3-8252-2353-1 .
  • Leander Petzoldt (Ed.): Folk Narrative and World View. Lectures of the 10th Congress of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research (ISFNR) Innsbruck 1992 (= Congress of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research (ISFNR). 10 = Contributions to European ethnology and folklore. Series B: Conference reports and materials. 7). 2 volumes. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1996, ISBN 3-631-48698-7 .
  • Leander Petzoldt: Collection, classification and documentation of popular prose. Considerations on the taxonomy of the folk tale. In: Burkhard Pöttler, Helmut Eberhart, Elisabeth Katschnig-Fasch (eds.): Innovation and change. Festschrift for Oskar Moser on his 80th birthday. Österreichischer Fachverband für Volkskunde, Graz 1994, ISBN 3-901396-00-4 , pp. 279-295.
  • Leander Petzoldt: tendencies and perspectives of popular preaching research. The research on legends after 1945. In: Rheinisches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde . Vol. 26, 1985/1986, pp. 69-91.
  • Leander Petzoldt (Hrsg.): Comparative saga research (= ways of research . Vol. 152) Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1969.
  • Leander Petzoldt: On the history of narrative research in Austria. In: Christoph Schmitt (Ed.): Homo narrans. Studies on popular narrative culture. Festschrift for Siegfried Neumann on his 65th birthday (= Rostock contributions to folklore and cultural history. Vol. 1). Waxmann, New York NY a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-89325-767-5 , pp. 111-138.
  • Hans-Jörg Uther : Catalog to the folk tale. Special collections from the Folklore Seminar and the Encyclopedia of Fairy Tales, Göttingen, the Institute for European Ethnology, Marburg, and the Institute for Folklore, Freiburg im Breisgau. 2 volumes. Saur, Munich a. a. 1987, ISBN 3-598-10669-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frog: Revisiting the Historical-Geographic Method (s). In: Karina Lukin, Frog, Sakari Katajamäki (eds.): Limited Sources, Boundless Possibilities. Textual Scholarship and the Challenges of Oral and Written Texts (= RMN Newsletter. No. 7, Special Issue, ISSN  1799-4497 ). University of Helsinki - Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies - Folklore Studies, Helsinki 2013, pp. 18–34, ( digitized version (PDF; 3.2 MB) ).