Warty milkweed
Warty milkweed | ||||||||||||
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Warty Spurge ( Euphorbia verrucosa ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Euphorbia verrucosa | ||||||||||||
L. |
The warts spurge ( Euphorbia verrucosa ) is a plant from the family of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The warty milkweed is a deciduous, perennial , herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 30 to 50 centimeters. A vertical and many-headed rhizome is formed as a permanent organ . The stem grows upright and is often reddish or purple colored in the lower part.
The numerous 2 to 4 centimeters long and 0.7 to 1.3 centimeters wide stem leaves are oblong-ovate and have entire or small saws. They are practically sessile. Either they are bald from the beginning or bald after the anthesis .
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends mainly over the months of May and June. The rays of the five-pointed trugdoldigen inflorescence are first triple and then forked. The short-stalked bracts are broadly elliptical with a narrowed base and a more or less blunt upper end. At the. The yellowish to yellow-brownish glands are oval.
The capsule fruit has a length of 3 to 4 millimeters and is densely covered with hemispherical to cylindrical warts.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14 or 18.
ecology
The warty milkweed is a hemicryptophyte . The pollination is done by insects. The seeds are distributed by self-propagation and by ants.
Occurrence
The distribution area of Euphorbia verrucosa extends from northern Spain to central France and from southern central Europe to the Balkan peninsula .
In Germany, warty milkweed occurs very scattered in the southwest and southern areas. In Baden-Württemberg it can be found mainly in the Jura. In Austria and Switzerland, the warty milkweed can be found scattered in mountainous to submontane altitudes .
The warty milkweed grows on semi- arid grassland . It thrives best in moderately dry and calcareous soils . She is a lime hand. It is in Central Europe, a characteristic species of the association Mesobromion.
literature
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
- Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 638 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Euphorbia verrucosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 21, 2020.
Web links
- Warty milkweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Euphorbia verrucosa L., warts milkweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Euphorbia verrucosa L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved December 2, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )