EUMETSAT
| European organization for the use of meteorological satellites EUMETSAT |
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|---|---|
 Organization logo |
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 Headquarters in Darmstadt |
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| English name | European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites |
| French name | l'Organisation européenne pour l'exploitation des satellites météorologiques |
| Organization type | Space agency |
| Seat of the organs | Darmstadt |
| Chair | A. Eliassen |
| Member States | 30 : |
| Official and working languages |
English France |
| founding |
1986 |
| http://www.eumetsat.int/ | |
The EUMETSAT ( Eu ropean Organization for the Exploitation of Met eorological satellite ellites ; German: " European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites ") in Darmstadt operates the Meteosat - and MetOp -Wettersatelliten.
It is an intergovernmental organization based in Darmstadt , Germany , with currently 30 European member states ( Belgium , Bulgaria , Denmark , Germany, Estonia , Finland , France , Greece , Ireland , Iceland , Italy , Croatia , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , the Netherlands , Norway , Austria , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Sweden , Switzerland , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey , Hungary and the United Kingdom ).
EUMETSAT is a member of the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) and provides its secretariat. EUMETSAT is an observing member of the CCSDS .
Missions
The satellite images provided form the basis for weather observation and forecasting. Long-term measurements, for example on climate change or global warming, can be collected.
Meteosat
EUMETSAT currently operates a fleet of four geosynchronous weather satellites called Meteosat . From positions at 0 ° to 41.5 ° east longitude , the satellites monitor the weather in Europe, Africa and parts of Asia. It is a second, technically improved satellite generation (MSG - Meteosat Second Generation ) that went into operation between 2004 and 2018. The first Meteosat generation came from the 1970s to 1990s; the last of these older satellites - Meteosat-7 - was shut down in 2017.
EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS)
To complete the global overview, EUMETSAT is currently operating the first two of three polar orbiting satellites ( MetOp ). They are developed in cooperation with the European Space Agency (ESA), the French space agency CNES and European industry. The first MetOp satellite was launched on October 19, 2006. Earth observations of polar orbits are carried out jointly by EUMETSAT and the US weather service NOAA as part of the Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS). The IJPS includes the exchange of instruments and data as well as mutual support in receiving satellite data.
The first satellites in the IJPS are NOAA-18 and MetOp-A . NOAA-19 was launched on February 6, 2009, and began routine operations in May of the same year, replacing NOAA-18. A Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) instrument from EUMETSAT is on board NOAA-19.
MetOp-B was successfully launched on September 17, 2012 at 6:28 p.m. CEST (10:28 p.m. local time). The launch took place from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan with a Soyuz 2.1a rocket. The last satellite in the MetOp series (MetOp-C) was launched on November 7, 2018 with a Soyuz rocket from Kourou in French Guiana.
Jason
Since 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans and ocean currents and phenomena such as El Niño play an important role in global climate development, another Jason-2 satellite was sent into space on June 20, 2008 . He will continuously observe sea and wave heights and thus support sea weather forecasts. EUMETSAT and NOAA will take control of this satellite as well as the distribution of the collected data.
In order to be able to offer this service in the future, EUMETSAT, ESA , NOAA and other European partners have agreed to plan the next generation of geostationary and polar satellites.
GOSAT
In May 2019 it was announced that EUMETSAT and JAXA would cooperate for future measurements of greenhouse gases (via the GOSAT satellite ).
Use of the data
The data and weather images are primarily intended to be used by the national weather services of the member states and cooperating countries. In addition, a number of other users have acquired licenses to access the Meteosat data.
The main users disseminate weather images and data to other end users. For example, the weather images and films, together with weather forecasts, are broadcast day by day on television or offered on the Internet. A large part of the European population uses EUMETSAT data.
Some universities and research institutes require Meteosat data for further education and their own research. Commercial organizations use the data either as end users, such as airlines, or as service providers, such as television stations or commercial weather forecasts. Meteosat data are often received by locally installed receiving devices, such as those found at schools, sports airports, yachts or at private individuals.
Satellite Application Facilities (SAFs)
EUMETSAT's Satellite Application Facilities (SAFs) are an integral part of the distributed EUMETSAT ground segment. SAFs use the experience and expertise of the member states and are responsible for the application-related processing of satellite data. Each SAF is developed and operated by an international consortium under the direction of a national weather service. Research, data, products and services of the SAFs complement the activities of the EUMETSAT central facility in Darmstadt.
There are currently eight SAFs in different stages of development, specializing in the following areas:
- Support to nowcasting and very short range forecast ( nowcasting and short-term forecast)
- Ocean and Sea Ice ( ocean and sea ice )
- Climate Monitoring ( air monitoring )
- Numerical Weather Prediction (numerical weather prediction )
- Country Surface Analysis ( Land Surface Analysis )
- Radio Occultation Meteorology ( Meteorological use of radio occultation sensors)
- Atmospheric Composition Monitoring ( ozone monitoring)
- Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (Operational Hydrology and Water Management )
Member states
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ eumetsat.int
- ^ Meteosat on the Eumetsat website, accessed October 7, 2019.
- ↑ Monitor greenhouse gases from space. In: schweizerbauer.ch . May 15, 2019, accessed May 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Homepage Support to Nowcasting and very short range forecast
- ↑ Homepage Ocean and Sea Ice
- ↑ Homepage Climate Monitoring
- ↑ Homepage Numerical Weather Prediction ( Memento from August 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Homepage Land Surface Analysis
- ↑ Homepage Radio Occultation Meteorology
- ↑ Homepage Atmospheric Composition Monitoring
- ↑ Homepage Hydrology and Water Management
- ↑ EUMETSAT Member States. Retrieved January 8, 2019 (English): "Currently a total of 30 Member States are a part of EUMETSAT, and the organization continues to grow."
Coordinates: 49 ° 51 ′ 54 ″ N , 8 ° 37 ′ 37 ″ E