Eva Maria Meskó

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Eva Maria Meskó (* around 1690 ; † March 24, 1772 ) was a Hungarian aristocrat and landlady. She was the daughter of the Hungarian Baron Adam Meskó and a married Baroness Vragović von Maruševec (around 1710), married Countess Bartholotti von Partenfeld (1734), married Countess von Herbeville (1746) and a married Countess von Starhemberg (1765).

Origin and family

The Meskó family came from the lower nobility or official nobility of Upper Hungary , today's Slovakia . Their story becomes tangible at the end of the 17th century with the brothers Adam and Jakob Meskó, who were awarded the title of Hungarian baron in July 1721. Adam Meskó, a trained lawyer with a doctorate, worked as an Esterházy official in the Landsee-Lackenbach estate at the end of the 17th century. In the further course of his life he would then hold various offices within the Hungarian state administration, but always remained in a particularly close relationship with Paul I. Esterházy . In February 1712, Meskó was among the 28 people who had come to an audience at the Viennese court as representatives of the Hungarian estates. The occasion was the coronation of Charles VI shortly before . to the Roman-German Emperor in Frankfurt am Main. The Hungarian delegation - led by the Primate of the Kingdom of Hungary, the Cardinal Archbishop of Gran Christian August von Sachsen-Zeitz and the Palatine Prince Paul I. Esterházy - not only congratulated the emperor on his coronation and happy return to Vienna, but also invited him also for coronation as King of Hungary. Dr. Adam Meskó ( D. Adamus Mesko ) is presented with his official designation as Proto-Notarius Palatinalis , a high office that he held in those years.

Adam Meskó acquired Nikitsch with the fort Gálosháza (today's Nikitsch Castle) in 1708 by buying it from Prince Esterházy. Nikitsch-Gálosháza was to become the center of Adam Meskó's manorial rule, and he held other possessions in the Ödenburger Komitat , such as Draßburg , a town house in Ödenburg / Sopron and various vineyards in Deutschkreutz and Ödenburg. In order to increase the income from the lordship and not least because of the proximity to Nikitsch, Meskó was interested in expanding his property, including the Croatian mini farm . In 1710, Prince Paul I Esterházy pledged the Croatian Minihof for 8,600 Hungarian guilders to Adam Meskó and his wife Maria Kürtössy - initially for ten years. In fact, the Nikitscher Meskós Croatian mini-farms were supposed to hold a pledge until the second half of the 18th century.

While Adam had his possessions in Ödenburg County, the goods of his brother Jakob were concentrated in Upper Hungary, today's Slovakia. In 1717 he acquired the place Széplak, today Krásna nad Hornádom, a district of Košice in eastern Slovakia, which is why the family called themselves Meskó von Széplak from then on . In 1744 Jacob's wife Barbara, at that time already widowed, was supposed to buy Enyiczke - today Haniska , around 13 km from Košice - from Prince Lobkowitz . Thus the line was named after Jakob Meskó from 1744 by Széplak and Enyiczke.

Adam Meskó and his wife Maria Kürtössy had two daughters, Anna Theresia and Eva Maria, who inherited and divided his property after his death in 1734. Croatian Minihof and Nikitsch first fell to Anna Theresia, after her death around 1740 - as she had no descendants - together with all other properties after Adam Meskó to the now sole heir Eva Maria. The latter brought this property with their respective husbands into the marriages, and there were four in all, with all four marriages remaining childless.

Eva Maria Meskó herself as a historical person is difficult to grasp in the printed historical sources, and if so, then usually only through the detour of the life stories of her husbands. Already less than 100 years after her death, most of her immediate life data was no longer known. Although she is presented in Oettinger's Moniteur des Dates from July 1867 as Freiin von Meskó, her year of birth was just as unknown as the name of her father and the existence of her first two husbands. She was only known as the widow of Count Herbeville and the wife of Count Johann Ludwig Adam von Starhemberg, as was her death date, March 24, 1772. In addition, there is the confusing fact that in the different phases of her life she had the sequence of her many first names (Eva Maria Elisabeth Rosalia Katharina) has constantly changed and thus all possible variations can be found in the sources. Even if her date of birth is unknown, it can be assumed with all due caution that she was born around 1690.

1. Marriage

Probably around 1710 Eva Elisabeth Rosalia married Christophorus Vragović von Maruševec, who was apparently much older from the middle Croatian aristocracy and who was wealthy with the two manors Križovljan and Maruševec in the Varaždin region . This marriage was apparently founded between the bride's father Adam Meskó and the groom's mother Susanna Török von Telekes, whose Hungarian correspondence is documented in 1693. The Vragović were named after their ancestor Johann, called ördög (Hungarian for devil ), in Croatian vrag , hence the surname Vragović. The family was attested as noble from the 14th century and should die out with the death of Christophorus Vragović. In 1711 the Vragović-Meskó couple bought a house in the old town of Varaždin. Here Christophorus and Eva Maria lived in baroque luxury and - in the noble style of the time - far beyond their financial means. The bills contained in the historical manuscripts document debts to tailors, button makers, barbers, merchants and doctors, among other things.

The age difference between the married couple became noticeable at the latest in 1723, when the baron's poor state of health brought him to move to Pressburg / Bratislava . In 1724, Christophorus died as the last of the Vragović family - because the marriage had remained childless - and left his widow in debt to traders and traders, church institutions and other nobles amounting to 4027 guilders and 12 kreuzers.

2. marriage

Eva Maria , widowed Freyin v [on] Wragovitsch, née Freyin v [on] Mesko entered into her second marriage - after a decade of widowhood - on March 16, 1734, when she married the younger Johann Baptist Bartholotti von Partenfeld in the St. Rupert's Church in Vienna . The Bartholotti were originally an Italian-Venetian family of merchants who moved to Styria or Carniola (now Slovenia) in the 16th century. In 1636 the family was raised to the nobility, from 1653 they carried the addition of Partenfeld . In 1704 the Bartholotti were raised to the baron status.

Reichgraf Johann Baptist Bartholotti von Partenfeld (1701–1745) was an imperial and royal hussar colonel and fought in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). In the campaigns of 1742 and 1743 he commanded his own free hussar corps, and in 1744 the so-called Menzel Hussar Corps. He increased his own corps at his own expense, using the fortune of Eva Maria, who was said to receive annual pensions of more than one million guilders. After falling ill in Lampertheim, Hesse , he died on November 24, 1745 in Mannheim and was buried there in the Catholic garrison church. Eva Maria's second marriage also remained childless. The "gossip press" of the 18th century had a very special opinion about this connection and even had information from Eva Maria's bedroom ready: Count Bartholotti [...] had a widowed Baroness von Mescko from Hungary as his wife, whose fortune was reduced to half Million extends. Later that day she married a Count von Herbeville again. She may not dispose of her assets (= dispose of), but only has to enjoy the interest money (= interest) from it. [...] Count Bartholotti, who was thought about and who knew how to caress her, mostly took her pensions and made himself honor and good days.

Eva Maria's wealth, emphasized again and again in the printed sources of the 18th century, was also discussed on the occasion of Maria Theresa's coronation as Queen of Hungary in 1741. At that time she made 100,000 guilders available for the coronation gift from the Hungarian estates (that is, she loaned this amount in advance). In 1744 Eva Countess Bartolotty von Partenfeldt owned the house for the red lion in Rossau , today's 9th district of Vienna. In addition, during her time as Countess Bartholotti, Eva Maria devoted herself to the further design of the Palais Meskó in Ödenburg / Sopron (today Palais Zichy-Meskó), the town house that she inherited from her father Adam in 1734. As early as the 1720s, he had the original medieval building at this point converted and expanded into a three-storey baroque palace, having acquired it in 1715 at the latest. Eva Maria commissioned well-known artists of her time - including Daniel Gran - with the design.

3. marriage

Eva Maria's second widowhood lasted short compared to the one after her first marriage, apparently only a few months. As early as 1746, she entered into her third marriage, with the Count Joseph Carl David von Herbeville, who came from a noble family in Lorraine. He was President of the Esterházy Administrative Commission, which explains why the wedding took place in the chapel of Esterházy Palace in Eisenstadt.

During the time of her connection with Herbeville, Eva Maria devoted herself primarily to the redesign of Draßburg Palace and Park , a property that her father Adam Meskó had acquired in 1715. In addition to the renovation of the palace, she had the gardens designed in the Baroque style between 1747 and 1759, new glass houses built and the garden furnished with sculptures by the famous sculptor Jakob Schletterer between 1750 and 1760. Joseph Carl Herbeville was, among other things, pledgee of the small lordship Dörfl , where he attempted to set up a leather factory in 1761/62, but failed. He died in 1763 at the latest, because in the same year it was his widow Eva Maria who returned the Dörfl rule to Prince Nikolaus I Joseph Esterházy .

4. Marriage

In 1765 Eva Maria was to enter into her fourth marriage, with Johann Ludwig Adam Reichsgraf von Starhemberg , an imperial chamberlain and (since 1757) general field marshal and knight of the Maria Theresa order. He was born on November 1, 1717 in Linz and had been married to Baron Maria Theresia von Stein for the first time since 1745 , who died on December 15, 1764. With his first wife, Starhemberg had two sons and two daughters. He himself was to die on August 29, 1778 in Ödenburg . The Starhemberg came from the Styrian nobility and had been members of the baron class since the 15th century. In 1634 the family was raised to the rank of imperial count, and from 1763 a line of the Starhembergs bore the title of imperial prince.

The wedding of Meskó and Starhemberg took place on February 23, 1765 in Ödenburg. Evidently this fourth marriage of Eva Maria was - in today's words - a media event, so that it was also reported in publications. The wedding sermon held by the Ödenburg parish priest Georg Primes appeared in print as a short salutation, as Count Adam Ludvig von Stahrenberg etc. with Eva, married Countess von Herbeville, bored Baroness von Meskó, solemnly married, in Oedenburg in 1765.

death

After an eventful life, Eva Maria Starhemberg died. Meskó was very old on March 24th, 1772 (probably in Ödenburg). It is not known where she was buried. Her cousin Jakob Meskó von Széplak and Enyiczke inherited her possessions, especially Nikitsch-Gálosháza, the town and castle Draßburg as well as the palace in Ödenburg .

literature

  • Stefan René Buzanich: Small contributions to the history of Croatian mini farm in the 18th and 19th centuries. With a contribution by Dr. Felix Tobler. Vienna 2019, pp. 2–8.
  • Stefan René Buzanich: The 18th and 19th centuries (with some outlooks into the 20th century). In: Municipality of Nikitsch, district Croatian Minihof (ed.): Mjenovo. Croatian mini farm. Croatian Minihof 2013, pp. 90-107.

Individual evidence

  1. Stefan René Buzanich: Small contributions to the history of Croatian Minihof in the 18th and 19th centuries. With a contribution by Dr. Felix Tobler . Vienna 2019, p. 2-8 .
  2. a b Harald Prickler: Gálosháza . In: Burgenland homeland sheets . 45th year. Eisenstadt 1983, p. 183 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  3. ^ Johann Siebmacher: The coats of arms of the nobility in Hungary (= J. Siebmacher's great coat of arms book, Volume 33) . Neustadt / Aisch 1982, p. 416 f .
  4. ^ Felix Tobler: Studies on the local history of Draßburg 1403-1848 (dissertation University of Vienna) . 1974, p. 38 .
  5. Johann Ehrenfried Zschackwitz: Life and Deeds of His Imperial and Catholic Majesty Caroli VI. [...] Frankfurt / Main 1723, p. 697-699 .
  6. a b Stefan René Buzanich: The 18th and 19th centuries (with some outlooks into the 20th century) . In: Municipality of Nikitsch, district Croatian Minihof (ed.): Mjenovo. Croatian mini farm . Croatian Minihof 2013, p. 90 .
  7. Stefan René Buzanich: Small contributions to the history of Croatian Minihof in the 18th and 19th centuries. With a contribution by Dr. Felix Tobler . Vienna 2019, p. 2 f .
  8. ^ Eduard-Maria Oettinger: Moniteur des Dates, contenant un million de renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques […] 19th delivery, July 1867, p. 11 .
  9. Stefan René Buzanich: Small contributions to the history of Croatian Minihof in the 18th and 19th centuries. With a contribution by Dr. Felix Tobler . Vienna 2019, p. 3 f .
  10. Ivana Šupljika: Gospodari Križovljan-grada: Povijest obitelji Vragović s posebnim naglaskom na posljednjeg člana Kristofora i njegov posjed u Križovljanu (1724–1725) . In: Podravina. Časopis za multidisciplinarna istraživanja . tape 13 , no. 25 . Koprivnica 2014, p. 173, 178, 180 and 182 .
  11. Johann Siebmacher: The nobility of Croatia and Slavonia (= J. Siebmacher's large book of arms, volume 35) . Neustadt / Aisch 1986, p. 202 .
  12. Ivana Šupljika: Gospodari Križovljan-grada: Povijest obitelji Vragović s posebnim naglaskom na posljednjeg člana Kristofora i njegov posjed u Križovljanu (1724–1725) . In: Podravina. Časopis za multidisciplinarna istraživanja . tape 13 , no. 25 . Koprivnica 2014, p. 182-187 and p. 194 .
  13. Marriage book 02-047 of the St. Stephan parish in Vienna I., 1733-1735, p. 242 .
  14. ^ Johann Siebmacher: The coats of arms of the nobility in Hungary (= J. Siebmacher's great coat of arms book, Volume 33) . Neustadt / Aisch 1982, p. 42 .
  15. The Abbot Ladvocat's historical hand dictionary […], translated from the French, improved, increased with a number of new articles and continued until 1784. Fifth part . Ulm 1785, p. Column 177 .
  16. ^ Franz Karl Wißgrill: The scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility from the lordship and knighthood [...]. First volume . Vienna 1794, p. 305 .
  17. Genealogical-historical news of the very latest occurrences, which happened at the European courts, in which at the same time many people of class and other famous people life descriptions occur […]. The 110 part . Leipzig 1747, p. 146 .
  18. Gabriel Kolinovics: Nova ungariae periodus […] Buda 1790, p. 278 .
  19. ^ Carl Hofbauer: Rossau and the fishing village on the upper Werd […] Vienna 1859, p. 139 .
  20. a b Stefan René Buzanich: Small contributions to the history of Croatian mini farm in the 18th and 19th centuries. With a contribution by Dr. Felix Tobler . Vienna 2019, p. 6 .
  21. ^ Felix Tobler: Studies on the local history of Draßburg 1403-1848 (dissertation University of Vienna) . Vienna 1974, p. 228 .
  22. Géza Hajós: The Draßburg Baroque Garden . In: Austrian Society for Historical Gardens (Ed.): Historical Gardens in Austria. Forgotten total works of art . Vienna-Cologne-Weimar 1993, p. 10 .
  23. Stefan René Buzanich: Small contributions to the history of Croatian Minihof in the 18th and 19th centuries. With a contribution by Dr. Felix Tobler . Vienna 2019, p. 6th f .
  24. ^ Eduard-Maria Oettinger: Moniteur des Dates, contenant un million de renseignements biographiques, généalo-giques et historiques […] 27th delivery, March 1868 . S. 83 .
  25. Johann Schwerdling: history of ancient and for centuries to sovereign and country highly deserved, sometimes handsomely, partly Count's house Starhemberg . Jos. Feichtinger , Linz 1830, p. 381 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  26. Gottlob Friedrich Krebel: European Genealogical Handbook […] Leipzig 1780, p. 85 .
  27. ^ Johann Siebmacher: The coats of arms of the nobility in Hungary (= J. Siebmacher's great coat of arms book, Volume 33) . Neustadt / Aisch 1982, p. 597 f .
  28. ^ Eduard-Maria Oettinger: Moniteur des Dates, contenant un million de renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques […] 19th delivery, July 1867 . S. 11 .
  29. ^ Catalogus Bibliothecae Hungaricae Francisci Com. Széchényi. Tomus I. Scriptores Hungaros et Rerum Hungaricarum. Typis editos complexus. Pars II. M-Z . Sopron 1799, p. 200 .
  30. ^ Eduard-Maria Oettinger: Moniteur des Dates, contenant un million de renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques […] 19th delivery, July 1867 . S. 11 .
  31. Stefan René Buzanich: The 18th and 19th centuries (with some views to the 20th century) . In: Municipality of Nikitsch, district Croatian Minihof (ed.): Mjenovo. Croatian mini farm . Croatian Minihof 2013, p. 90 .