Everwin from Droste to Hülshoff
Everwin Droste (* around 1540; † June 13, 1604 ) was a Catholic reformer, lawyer and priest, episcopal official and dean (dean) at the collegiate church of St. Martini in Münster . He also worked as a humanistically educated writer .
Life path
Everwin Droste was a grandson of Everwin II von Droste zu Handorf and a nephew of Johann VII Droste zu Hülshoff , both mayors of Münster. He belonged to the 12th generation of the Bettenbrock / Droste zu Hülshoff family , whose coat of arms he carried and which he interpreted with the Latin epigram below. He was probably born in or near Münster in 1540. Johann Droste zu Borg, Canon and Bursar at the collegiate monastery St. Ludgeri (Münster) , and Alheidt Droste called Kocks, are named as his parents in literature . His brother, the bishop's secretary Johann Droste († 1596), married the illegitimate daughter Catharina of the cathedral provost Bernhard von Münster . He probably received his first lessons at his father's place of work, the educational establishment of the St. Ludgeri Collegiate Foundation (Münster). At which university he began studying Artes Liberales is uncertain. He continued it from 1558 as a pupil of the Gymnasium Montanum in Niederich (Cologne) and became a baccalaureus and licentiate in 1560 . How many descendants of Erbmänner was -families he Stiftsherr the pen St. Martin in Muenster. It was not until 1587 that he was ordained a priest . After working for decades in the management of the collegiate monastery of St. Martini and as an episcopal official in Münster, he died on June 13, 1604. It is not known whether he was married or lived in the common cohabitation of canons . In his will of 1598 he appointed two sons, Franz and Johann, as heirs. His sons Franz, who died in 1605 and also appeared as a supporter of the Jesuit order, and Johann (1591–1636), who was also canon in St. Martini in 1597 and who was also an official of the episcopal upon his death, inherited the extensive library.
Dean of the St. Martini Collegiate Foundation
In 1564, Bishop Bernhard von Raesfeld awarded Everwin Droste the office of dean of the collegiate monastery of St. Martini and the associated benefice . With 20 prebends, this pen surpassed all other pens in the duchy of Münster , he owned numerous farms and other properties around Münster. When the income of the monastery declined around the turn of the century to the 17th century, the boys' praise had to be dispensed with from 1589.
Everwin's work fell during the so - called Counter - Reformation , after the rule of the Anabaptists in Münster had led to the destruction of the church, the collegiate school and the sextonry. Despite his high authority, he initially encountered resistance when it was rebuilt and first had to raise the funds for it. In 1571 he had two silver beakers made, and in 1574 extensive work to restore the church; In 1577/78 he had the new collegiate school built. Then bought an organ, commissioned the famous painter Hermann tom Ring to paint it in 1579/80 and bought a new bell in 1584.
For the collegiate school there, Everwin drafted exemplary school regulations in 1581 , which the cathedral chapter of Münster declared to be binding. The children were z. B. 1582 obliged to recite from a collection of sacred songs in order to elevate the Catholic faith.
After the defeat of the Anabaptist Empire of Münster (1532–1536) two generations later, numerous Anabaptists and other Protestants lived in Münster. However, the parishes, including St. Martini, were obliged to carry out the decrees of the Council of Trent. Everwin Droste, who was ordained a priest in the same year, therefore initially forbade the funeral of the cathedral teacher Bernt Cappellan, who had expressly refused confession and communion, in 1587. Under pressure from the city council, in which ten Protestant councilors still sat at the time, he had to allow it after mediation by his relative, the then councilor Bernhard II von Droste zu Hülshoff .
Under the leadership of Everwin Droste, the Collegiate Foundation developed into an excellent educational institution for Catholic reform in the spirit of the Council of Trent . The gold-forged Martinus Cup from 1597 bears witness to this . a. with family coat of arms of the provost Johann Torck and the canons (including himself and his son Johann). Everwin initiated this work of art on the occasion of the twelve hundredth anniversary of St. Martin of Tours and had it adorned with medals from Emperor Charles V (HRR) , his son Philip II (Spain) and son-in-law Maximilian II (HRR) .
Participation in the Catholic reform in the monastery of Münster
Everwin Droste, "formed and strong in faith" of is referred to as well-deserved, was a confidant of Gottfried von Raesfeld , dean of Munster, and by Bishop John IV. Hoya , by Peter Canisius for the Catholic reforms of the Council of Trent was won was. He was appointed to the Commission that in 1571 the Bishopric of Münster a visitation as decided by the o. G. Council and canon law should be subjected. Bishop Ernst of Bavaria (1554–1612) then appointed him clergy and representative of the collegiate clergy of Münster. He was also a lawyer, was appointed to the ecclesiastical court and helped to improve the court order. In this function he was responsible for a. the enforcement of the neglected residence obligation of the canons . He wrote the Directory archidiaconalis iurisdictionis . The Codex is of particular interest for the history of the Münster diocese and the history of the archdeaconate.
Writing
Everwin Droste wrote (new) Latin hymns to his Westphalian homeland, which were still known to his relatives, the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff , in the 19th century. She referred to them as "clean monk Latin" and also used them in writing. It may have been in one of his manuscripts. In her fragment With us in the country - after the handwriting of a nobleman from Lusatia , she probably took from it - translated from the Latin original - the quote O lachender Erdenwinkel . A Latin song penned by Everwin was published by August von Haxthausen in the 19th century . One of his epigrams from 1600 also referred to the Droste zu Hülshoff coat of arms , with the flying perch:
“Drostiadum piscis cur stemma? silentia sign. Cur clypeus niger est sic gravitas honos. Aliger branch? quia se virtutum sustulit alis. Pugnis militiae, consilioque togae. "
“Why is there a fish in the Drosten coat of arms? it means silence. The shield is black: that means: Honor is always compulsion. But winged? the able rises as if on a swing. Weapon trials in the field, intelligent probation in office. "
Everwin Droste had a humanistic education and left behind an important library. In 1578 he also published a Low German song manuscript.
Appreciation
Viktor Huyskens describes Everwin Droste as "an ideally designed nature, enlivened by a scientific sense, permeated by the importance of good schools." He used the relevant literature and worked "pen in hand".
“A word to his teachers gives us an insight into the attitude of this man: Si Christum discis, satis est, si cetera nescis; si Christum nescis, nihil est, si cetera discis ( if you teach Christ, that is enough, even if you do not know the rest; if you do not know Christ, it is not enough if you teach the rest ). With this he, who was an enthusiastic book collector, certainly did not want to despise profane knowledge, but he did want to emphasize that all human knowledge without the foundation and cornerstone of Christ remains half-life. Everwin Droste can be described as the Overberg of his time: he was also the teacher of the teacher "."
literature
- Wilderich from Droste to Hülshoff : 900 years of Droste to Hülshoff . Verlag LPV Hortense von Gelmini, Horben 2018, ISBN 978-3-936509-16-8
- Viktor Huyskens: Everwin von Droste and the collegiate school of his time , supplement to the annual reports of the municipal high school and high school in Münster in Westphalia, 1907
- Kohl, Wilhelm (editor): The Diocese of Münster, 4,1 Das Domstift St. Paulus zu Münster , Berlin, New York 1987, pp. 297 and 304.
- Winfried Woesler (Ed.): Annette von Droste-Hülshoff - Historisch-Kritische Ausgabe V, 2 (prose, documentation) Tübingen 1984
Individual evidence
- ^ Annette von Droste-Hülshoff - on the 125th anniversary of her death on April 24, 1973, page 18
- ↑ a b Alois Schroer: The Church in Westphalia I in the Sign of Renewal 1555-1648, p. 220
- ↑ Viktor Huyskens: Everwin von Droste and the collegiate school of his time, supplement to the annual reports of the municipal grammar school and secondary school in Münster in Westphalia, 1907
- ^ Helga Austria, Hans Mühl, Bertram Haller: Library in four centuries-Jesuit library, 1988
- ↑ Werner Hülsbusch (Ed.): 800 years of St. Martini Münster , Münster 1980
- ↑ Franz Jacobi (ed.): History of the City of Münster , 3rd edition 1994, p. 238
- ↑ He's in the Westphalian State Museum of Art and Cultural History in Münster issued
- ↑ Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (Ed.), Géza Jászai: The Martinus Cup - Shape and Image Program, Booklet No. 13
- ^ The Diocese of Münster, Volume I., Volume 7, p. 545
- ↑ Herbert Immenkötter: Reformation History Studies and Texts, Münster in Westphalia, p. 32
- ↑ Woesler, Winfried: Droste's knowledge of Latin and Italian culture in Droste-Jahrbuch 10, 2013/2014
- ↑ Winfried Woesler (Ed.): Annette von Droste-Hülshoff - Historisch-Kritische Ausgabe V, 2 (prose, documentation) Tübingen 1984
- ↑ s. Motto of the Hanse merchants from Münster: Ehr is Dwang gnog
- ↑ Latin epigram by Everwin Droste, printed with German translation in: Clemens Heselhaus: Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, Werk und Leben , Düsseldorf 1971, p. 344, note 18
- ↑ Low German Word - Volumes 18-20, 1979, page 12
- ^ "The school system in St. Martini" in Werner Hülsbusch (ed.): "800 years St. Martini Münster", Münster 1980
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Droste zu Hülshoff, Everwin von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Droste, Everwin |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Catholic reformer, priest and dean of Münster |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1540 |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 13, 1604 |