St. Martini (Munster)
St. Martini is one of the oldest Catholic sacred buildings in the Westphalian Münster under the patronage of St. Martin and was built around the 1180s . It is located on the corner of Martinistraße / Neubrückstraße near the theater .
Foundation and institutional history
Expansion of the city of Münster
In the second half of the 12th century, Münster experienced an expansion of its urban area, especially in the southern and eastern areas. The parish of St. Aegidii was founded in the south-west, St. Ludgeri in the south, St. Servatii in the south-east and St. Martini in the north-east, probably thanks to the planning hand of the bishops of Münster . All newly created parishes were purely city parishes.
Early evidence
The oldest but indirect evidence of the Church of St. Martini can be found in 1187. In 1217, Bishop Otto (I) zu Münster confirmed the five prebends built by Bishop Herman (II. Von Katzenelnbogen) at the Church of St. Martini in Münster . 30 years ago, Bishop Herman bought back a customs duty from Sveder de Thingethe, Ministerial of the Cathedral Church, who had him as a fief, for 50 Cologne marks and donated the proceeds of 4 marks to the Church of St. Martini. This also includes the archdeaconate , which the predecessor assigned to the provost of St. Martini. Ownership is reserved for a canon. Churches over which the archdeaconate or the provost of St. Martini extends: Ennigerloh , Ostenfelde , Lette bei Clarholz , Oelde , Sünninghausen , Vellern , Diestedde , Wadersloh , Herzfeld , Lippborg , Uentrup , Dolberg , Heessen , Hövel and Bockum . Done in Münster. Witnesses: u. a. Heinrich, Dean of St. Martini and Canon; Lutbert, sexton to St. Martini; Johannes, Ludolf, Albert, Andreas and Mathias, canons of St. Martini.
For the first time the provost is to be proven directly for the year 1199 . This year, Bishop Herman zu Münster transferred a rural property to the Clarholz monastery , the heir ( domum ) Sandendhorpe. One of the witnesses is Herimannus, prepositus sancti Martini . The dean must also be proven for the first time in the following year 1200 . Bishop Herman zu Münster confirms the possessions of the Hohenholte monastery , witness is among others Heinrico, decano sancti Martini .
Constitution
The provost ( praepositus ) was always a Münster canon. However, it received no income, had neither a seat in the choir nor a vote in the chapter and remained without jurisdiction.
The actual on-site management was held by the dean, who had also been the parish priest from the beginning of the 13th century. Later he was supported in this task by two chaplains. The senior was the eldest of the canons and ranked immediately after the dean. In the absence of the previous or even vacancy of this office, the senior was in charge of the chapter. Other offices that are always mentioned in a collegiate monastery are the thesaurary and the scholaster. The thesaurary provided the liturgical equipment; it is identical to the custos mentioned initially . Later he was primarily responsible for the asset management of these matters; He was later supported by two sextons, who then did all the actual work. The pen was based on the provisions of Pope Innocent III. (1198–1216) a scholasterei. However, it can only be observed that the scholaster did not carry out this activity himself, but was in charge of the administration of this property and hired a school principal.
From the outset, St. Martini was provided with individual permanent positions (prebends), which were gradually increased by further foundations. There was no common property and no central administration of it; every canon received a fixed income from his prebend. He lived in a Kurienhaus in the immediate vicinity of the church and ran his own household. With the foundation around 1187, the prerequisites for the dean's office and four other prebenders were created. The other foundations did not take place until 1233. The usually targeted twelve number was even exceeded; by 1344 the number of prebends grew to seventeen.
The bishop was initially responsible for awarding these prebends; with the Vienna Concordat in 1448, the papal chair gained considerable influence. It had given the cathedral and collegiate chapters the right of collation in the even months and the Apostolic See in the odd months. The formal admission of a candidate took place with the possession , for this the tonsure and minor orders were prerequisites. After completing the studies, after a few years, the final admission as a full member, the emancipation . For this, they demanded that usually Subdiakonatsweihe . The now emancipated canon then had a seat in the choir, a vote in the chapter and the disposal of his income. Membership usually ended through death or resignation . The latter often happened in favor of a relative. Occasionally, the permutation , i. H. to observe the exchange of jobs with another clergyman at another church. Exclusions are rather rare. In such cases the resignation was suggested to the person.
Vicarages
To support the service and for the salvation of one's own soul, the foundation of vicarages used . Individual founding families provided the appropriate financial resources for the permanent care of a cleric, who then gave the spiritual masses to be held according to the foundation charter. In St. Martini this development continued from 1333 with the erection of the altar St. Jacobi maj. a (Patronage: Council of Münster). In 1335 two Eternal Vicaries followed (for deacon and subdeacon), 1360 Ss. Trium regum et S. Olavi, 1425 S. Catharinæ et S. Annæ, 1433 S. Jacobi min. (Patronage: Council of Münster), 1459 S. Barbaræ (in the chapter house), 1463 Ss. Philippi et Jacobi, 1470 S. Johannis and finally the Vicarie S. Trinitatis in 1522.
In 1532 , Protestant services were celebrated in St. Martini by Adam Brictius thon Norde, a priest from Schöppingen who had joined the Reformation . After the end of the Anabaptist Empire in Münster in 1535, St. Martini was again a Catholic church.
Repeal
On August 3, 1802, Prussian troops marched into the Principality of Münster and took possession of it. St. Martini was not secularized during the first Prussian occupation of Münster. It was only on the basis of an Imperial French decree of November 14, 1811 that the monastery was repealed. After that, St. Martini was a pure parish church.
Fusion of the inner city communities
With the beginning of the new church year on the 1st Advent on December 2nd, 2007 the parishes of St. Lamberti, St. Ludgeri and Aegidii as well as St. Martini were merged to form the new parish of St. Lamberti . The parish of St. Lamberti has leased the Martinikirche to the diocese of Münster, which has set up the youth church effata [!] As the center of diocesan youth work in the Martinikirche and some of the surrounding rooms.
The church building
St. Martini was originally a three-aisled basilica with a west tower. From the original building, only the lowest part of the tower, which reveals Romanesque forms, remains today. The Romanesque tower base was raised around 1480 by two floors richly decorated with figures, on which the bells are housed. The pointed roof of the tower was replaced around 1760 by a baroque hood that Johann Conrad Schlaun is said to have designed. The basilical nave was replaced in the Middle Ages by a three-aisled hall church with round pillars, to which a long choir was added around 1380.
Furnishing
Around 1654 Johann Bockhorst , who came from Münster and was a close collaborator of Peter Paul Rubens in Antwerp , created the altarpiece Mass of St. Martinus for the church , which has been in the Münster City Museum since 1998 .
organ
The organ of the Martini church is located in an organ chamber in the tower. The instrument was built in 1959 by the organ builder Matthias Kreienbrink ( Georgsmarienhütte ), whereby initially only main, swell and pedal work were realized. It was not until the 1990s that the planned positive was realized, although only 5 of the originally planned 8 registers were built. The cone store instrument has 27 sounding registers and a transmission from the Hauptwerk to the pedal. The playing and stop actions are electric.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : two free combinations, two pedal switches, tutti, shelf, crescendo roller
Bells
There are six bells in the high tower of St. Martini.
No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Foundry, place |
Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Nominal ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
1 | ? | 1982 | Petit & Edelbrock
Gescher |
1382 | 1800 | d 1 -2 |
2 | ? | 1982 | 1222 | 1200 | e 1 -3 | |
3 | ? | 1982 | 1076 | 800 | f sharp 1 -3 | |
4th | ? | 1982 | 906 | 500 | a 1 -1 | |
5 | Hour bell | 1942 | 720 | 174 | d 2 -2 | |
6th | Quarter-hour bell | 1942 | 511 | 61 | gis 2 -6 |
Deans
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literature
- Westphalian Document Book , Volume III.
- Karl Hengst : Westphalian monastery book. Lexicon of the monasteries and monasteries established before 1815 from their founding to their abolition , Volume 2: Münster - Zwillbrock , 1994, pp. 53–58.
- Werner Hülsbusch (Ed.): 800 years of St. Martini Münster . Regensberg, Münster 1980, ISBN 3-7923-0570-8 .
- Viktor Huyskens: Everwin von Droste and the collegiate school of his time, supplement to the annual reports of the municipal high school and high school in Münster in Westphalia , 1907.
- Jörg Wunschhofer: The Vicar at Münster Cathedral and Canon to St. Martini Gerwyn Loevelinckloe († 1558) and his family. in: Contributions to Westphalian family research 1996, Vol. 54, pp. 17–55.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Hülsbusch (Ed.): 800 years of St. Martini Münster . Regensberg, Münster 1980, p. 69.
- ↑ The concept. January 1, 2013, accessed August 21, 2018 .
- ↑ Information on the organ of St. Martini ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Episcopal General Vicariate Münster: The Diocese of Münster . Ed .: Werner Thissen. tape 3 . Regensberg Verlag, Münster 1993, p. 58 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 57 ′ 55.5 ″ N , 7 ° 37 ′ 48 ″ E