St. Servatii (Munster)
St. Servatii in the Westphalian city of Münster , under the patronage and named after St. Servatius von Tongern , is a historic church from around 1230. This makes it one of the oldest churches in the city. It was an independent parish for more than 700 years until it became part of the Lamberti parish .
history
Foundation in the Middle Ages
In the second half of the 12th century, Münster experienced an expansion of its urban area, especially in the southern and eastern areas. The parish of St. Aegidii was founded in the south-west, St. Ludgeri in the south, St. Servatii in the south-east and St. Martini in the north-east, probably thanks to the planning hand of the bishops of Münster . All newly created parishes were purely city parishes.
St. Servatii is said to have been built as a wooden chapel as early as 1200 . A Gospel manuscript of the Überwasserkloster shows that the chapel, like the successor building in 1383, survived a fire at this time. Timber construction gave way to stone construction in the 13th century. In the 15th century the church was given a five-sided Gothic choir with tracery windows.
Anabaptist time
During the time of the Anabaptists in the 16th century, the western half of the nave, the tower and the foundations were devastated. Stones from the church and earth from the cemetery were used to fortify the city. In 1537 the church was rebuilt. A west tower was also built. In order to stabilize the nave walls, they were reinforced around 1700 with bulky buttresses . In addition, the church, around which there was a cemetery, began to sag from the ongoing burials that lifted the earth. In order to counteract this, the flooring of the church building was first repeatedly filled in, but the pillars and columns were visibly covered.
18th century
On November 1, 1729, the wedding of Heinrich Wilhelm Droste zu Hülshoff with Brigitte Anna Droste zu Vischering (1708–1750), a daughter of the hereditary drosten Maximilian Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering, took place in St. Servatii . The marriage had eight children, including Clemens August I. von Droste zu Hülshoff , the grandfather of the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff , the general and governor of Münster Heinrich-Johann von Droste zu Hülshoff and the poet's godmother, the abbess of the Metelen Monastery Anna Elisabeth Droste zu Hülshoff (1733–1805). Two sons of Droste zu Hülshoff became clergy: Ernst Constanz Canon in Osnabrück and Ferdinand Dechant in Coesfeld .
Repair in the 20th century
The church was therefore repaired in the first half of 1932. On October 28, 1933 ( Christ the King's Festival ), the church was again opened to the public as the first episcopal official act by Clemens August Graf von Galen in a pontifical office . The parish, which had been separated from St. Lamberti towards the end of the 12th century, was reunited with it in 1935.
Destruction in World War II
During the air raids on Münster in World War II , the church was fundamentally destroyed except for a single column. The prelate Joseph Leufkens expressed with the words: "We climbed over the rubble to the church. There was nothing left of the altar or tabernacle . On the remains of the wall we lit a candle as the last eternal light , for the last time we prayed the Tantum ergo . Saint Servatii was no more. "
Construction and reopening
In 1947 the choir was rebuilt so that the first services could be celebrated, while the church vault was still missing and the pillars towered up like stumps in the church interior. On October 26th (again Christ the King's Feast) 1952 the church was reopened on. As a result of the reconstruction, a modern round tower was put in place of the former west tower.
Architecture, equipment and use
At 15 meters wide and 27 meters long (including 12 meters choir ), St. Servatii is the smallest of the six parish churches of the medieval cathedral and combines stylistic elements of the late Romanesque and early Gothic . It was donated by the city's merchants and built as a parish church around 1225/50. The choir dates from around 1500. The floor plan of the room, which is still Romanesque with two vaulted fields on each side of the two middle bays, shows the transition to Gothic . The tiered hall with the alternation of pillars and columns is one of the most beautiful churches in the city and is a special form of the early Westphalian hall church . The round tower in the west is the result of the reconstruction, but structurally not identical to the original tower. Compared to the surrounding buildings, the church looks slightly sunken because, in contrast to the other buildings, it is still on the old, medieval floor level.
Inside the building, which is classified as a monument , there is a late Gothic winged altar from around 1500, which shows scenes from the life of the Virgin. A picture with a memorial plaque refers to the blessed sister Euthymia , who lived, worked and often prayed in St. Servatii in the Clement Monastery near the church. Another picture shows the blessed Maria Countess Droste zu Vischering , who was baptized in St. Servatii and died in Porto, Portugal in 1899.
organ
The organ of the Servatii Church was built in 1974 by the organ builder Matthias Kreienbrink in Osnabrück. In 1984 the instrument was extended by two reed stops on a separate wind chest (Kropftrompete 8 ′ in the positive, bassoon 16 ′ in the pedal), which were removed again in the course of a revision of the instrument in 2002. For this purpose, a tremulant was installed for both manuals. The slider chest instrument today has 9 registers on two manuals and a pedal. The actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Bell jar
The west tower of the Servatiikirche was destroyed in the Second World War and not rebuilt after the war. It housed three bells. The bell from 1833 had to be handed in during the First World War. The two bells from 1749 survived the Second World War unscathed. After the Second World War, a small tower was built on the north side that could not accommodate these two bells. The two historic bells were therefore initially loaned to the St. Barbara parish in Duisburg and to the church of the Münster University Clinic and then sold to them, and a small bell from 1951 was hung in the new tower.
| Surname | Casting year | Caster |
Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
| 1951 | Feldmann & Marschel, Münster | 650 | d 2 |
Since 1934 St. Servatii has served as a place of adoration of the Eucharist . This purpose has been discussed since 1932 and implemented when Clemens August Graf von Galen took office .
literature
- Klaus Gruna: Servatiikirche , In: St. Lamberti. Muenster. 12th edition. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner 2016.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Münstersche Zeitung : From a heap of rubble to an island of peace: St. Servatii reopened 60 years ago , Münster Nachrichten, Martina Meißner, October 26, 2012
- ^ Münstersche Zeitung : The history of the St. Servatii Church , Münster / Nachrichten, November 26, 2012
- ^ Trinity bell from St. Servatii in St. Barbara (Duisburg). Retrieved February 21, 2017 .
- ↑ Information on the bells ( Memento of the original from December 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 90 kB)
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 57 ′ 36.8 " N , 7 ° 37 ′ 56.5" E