Dye grape
As dyer grapes or Teinturier ( double. ) Refers to a group of varieties (types deck) from which mainly cover wines for blending with pigment poor bright red varieties are produced. The blended wine made from it is called dye wine . The proportion of these grape varieties makes up less than 5 percent in the wines in which they are used. Single-varietal wines are only made from these grape varieties in a few cases, which means that they usually only occupy a small area under vines.
The dye grapes not only have a blue-black skin, but also dark red pulp, so that a considerable proportion of red color pigments is also present in the juice, which makes the wine made from it particularly colorful. The color pigments are present throughout the plant tissue. As a result, the leaves also turn red relatively early. Immediate pressing means that no light must can be pressed from dye varieties and therefore no white autumn can be prepared .
In the Loire , the Teinturier du Cher grape was used to color pale red wines as early as the 17th century. However, dyeing only became really popular in the 19th century. In 1824, Louis Bouschet succeeded in crossing Aramon and Teinturier du Cher for the first time , creating the Petit Bouschet grape variety . His son Henry Bouschet developed the new breed Alicante Henri Bouschet from Petit Bouschet × Grenache . It developed into one of the most economically successful dye grapes in the world.
New German varieties among the dye grapes are Dunkelfelder , Opaque Red , Dakapo , Palas or Kolor . The cover red wine varieties are seldom developed as single-origin red wine. The Dornfelder was originally bred as a color dispenser for light red wines, but was able to establish itself as a single-variety quality wine in the red wine boom in Germany from the late 1990s. However, Dornfelder has light-colored berry meat and is therefore not actually a dye variety. However, the berry skin has a lot of red and purple colorings in it, so the red wines are particularly dark. The same applies to the Regent grape variety .
Widely used grape varieties for French cover wines are for example the Gamay Teinturier varieties Gamay de Bouze , Gamay de Chaudenay and Gamay Fréaux as well as Cinsaut . In Spain Alicante Bouschet and Alicante Ganzin . The most famous Italian deck variety is the Tuscan Colorino , next to Ancellotta . Blauburger is often used in Austria . In Russia, Saperavi is widely used, and in California, Rubired plays a bigger role.
literature
- Der Brockhaus Wein , Verlag FA Brockhaus, 1st edition 2005, ISBN 3-7653-0281-3
- Norbert Tischelmayer: Wine Glossary . 2777 terms around the wine, Np Buchverlag, Mail 2001, ISBN 3853261779
- Holger Vornholt, Joachim Grau: Wine Encyclopedia. With the wine lexicon AZ by Hans Ambrosi (with permission from Gräfe und Unzer Verlag, Munich). Serges Medien, Cologne 2001, page 692, entry "Dye types"