Fürstenberg (Bodanrück)
| Furstenberg | ||
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_Westseite_2019_2.jpg) Southwest side of the Fürstenberg (April 2019) |
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| height | 437 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Wollmatingen , Konstanz , District of Konstanz , Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Bodanrück | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 40 '54 " N , 9 ° 9' 40" E | |
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| Type | Drumlin | |
The Furstenberg is in the eponymous district of Fürstenberg in Konstanz lying hills . It has an area of 3.4 hectares, is 450 meters long and 140 meters wide. It has a height of around 30 meters compared to the surrounding area, the highest point is 437 m above sea level. NHN .
location
The Fürstenberg is located in the district of the same name at the northwest end of the city of Konstanz. It is located directly on Fürstenbergstrasse, which connects the Wollmatingen district with the city center. The Fürstenberg is oriented to the northwest.
geology
The Fürstenberg is a drumlin , a hill that was created in the last ice age ( Würm ice age ) by glacier movements from deposits from the previous ice age. At the bottom of the approx. 750 m mighty Rheingletscher near Constance, elongated and up to 100 m high heaps of bedload formed . When the glacier retreated around 14,000 years ago, these piles, the drumlins, remained. There are around 150 drumlins on the Bodanrück , most of which are arranged in groups. All are aligned in the direction of flow of the ice and are therefore parallel to the long sides of the Bodanrück ridge, stretched to the northwest.
The subsoil consists of a loose sediment of ground moraine material , which is essentially composed of heterogeneous, mixed-grain soil.
vegetation
In 1832 the Fürstenberg was deforested, since then an unfertilized and very species-rich meadow landscape has emerged. On the steep southern slope of the Fürstenberg it is warm and dry above average; semi - arid grass has developed here. Rare meadows developed on the remaining area . The grassland was mowed regularly, but never used intensively for agriculture. Even when the city expanded, the Fürstenberg with its meadows was preserved and provides a livelihood for many specialized animal species.
To ensure that the rough meadows are preserved in their existing form and that there is no forest cover, they must be maintained regularly. At the edge of the formerly tree-free Fürstenberg, a beginning forest can be seen. One mowing a year is enough to prevent the growth of trees, although to protect specialized animal species, everything should never be mowed at the same time. As of summer 2003, a total of 686 animal and plant species have been recorded on the Fürstenberg.
history
In the 18th century the Fürstenberg was still forested and was called "Berchenbühl". In 1830, the brewer Carl Barxell bought the Fürstenberg from the Wollmatingen community. A beer cellar was set up on the north slope and a summer inn with a thatched rondel was built and operated on the mountain, which was deforested in 1932.
The pub directly above the beer cellar with a beautiful view and dance events was soon a popular destination. For strolling to the Fürstenberg, Barxell turned the Fürstenbergweg into a shady avenue. The path was later called Hindenburgallee and has been partially preserved as Bücklestrasse. The trees planted around the pavilion (linden, chestnut and plane trees) are still preserved as a circle. Hooks for attaching lantern chains can still be seen at a height of several meters. But these come from a later time, probably from the time after the Second World War.
“On one of the most beautiful points in the area, not far from Constance, I reclaimed a stretch of forest and set up an inn. In this beautifully situated restaurant, which is surrounded by two forests, offers one of the most picturesque and most beautiful views of the whole lake area towards our city, the Obersee and the Alps. "
“All the stands were looking for relaxation and refreshment on the lovely hill on spring afternoons and on summer evenings. The young women of the city danced their francaise there. The officials there forgot their worries, and the craftsmen all their troubles and annoyances. Nobles, clergy and seculars pearled, disputed and politicized in the open warm air. "
Business on the Fürstenberg ended in the middle of the 19th century. Only the beer cellar was still used. Today it is the depot of the Konstanz hospital winery. The Old Torfstecherhaus on the north side of the Fürstenberg has served as the poor house of the Wollmatingen community since 1906 . At the beginning of the 20th century, the Herosé factory and a settlement were built in the west.
In 1932 the city of Konstanz bought the north-eastern part of the Fürstenberg from Barxell, and in 1933 the rest of the area.
Before or during the Second World War , the National Socialists laid out corridors in the Fürstenberg to protect the population from air raids. The tunnels were probably rarely used. In 1936/37 the Chérisy barracks were built on the south side of the Fürstenberg and there was a small gun emplacement on top of the Fürstenberg. Rumor has it that the tunnels from the barracks to the Fürstenberg and through it were dug - according to the city, there is and was no such connection. The Fürstenberg is said to have been crossable from the Chérisy barracks to the former Haidelmoos moor , which was drained by the Reich Labor Service , from there along the east side. There were four entrances to the tunnel system from the south and one each from the north and east. A total of 600 m of tunnels had been built there by 1944. After the end of the war, citizens burned the wooden structure; In 1949 the tunnels were filled in and the tunnel entrances closed with concrete. The sagging caused by the collapse of the tunnels and the subsequent fillings are still visible on the Fürstenberg today.
Development in the 1960s was abandoned after test drilling. In the 1950s and 1960s, the foot on the south side of the Fürstenberg was excavated in order to widen the main road, which is now called Fürstenbergstraße .
Fürstenberg has served as a local recreation area since the beginning of the 21st century .
After a tractor's front wheel collapsed during maintenance work at the end of February 2012, the Fürstenberg was closed from November 1, 2012 due to the risk of collapse. If the tunnel system was used as an air raid shelter , there must also be larger, underground lounges somewhere that are particularly at risk of collapse. There are hardly any records of the air raid protection system and the location of the tunnels at the Federal Military Archives in Freiburg and the Konstanz City Archives. Due to this lack of clarity, the city closed the entire Fürstenberg indefinitely as a precautionary measure.
After a good year, the entry ban was lifted on November 26, 2013. Test drilling and the examination of the archive documents had shown that the tunnels had been backfilled extensively and that renewed earth collapses were unlikely.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Map with the Fürstenberg (scale 1: 5,000) on geodienste.bfn.de
- ^ State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation, Baden-Württemberg . Retrieved May 3, 2015.
- ↑ City Archives Konstanz
- ↑ City Archives Konstanz
- ↑ Südkurier: The Fürstenberg is in danger of collapsing. October 31, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
- ↑ SeeMoz: Fürstenberg: Holed like a Swiss cheese. October 31, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
- ↑ See Online: City of Konstanz blocks undeveloped terrain with a tunnel system on the Fürstenberg. ( Memento of July 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) October 30, 2012. Accessed June 2, 2019.
- ↑ See Online: City of Constance cancels the closure of the Fürstenberg again. ( Memento of July 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) November 26, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2019.