Field Marshal Lieutenant
Feldmarschallleutnant , already occasionally written Feldmarschall-Leutnant earlier , abbreviated FML (historically also Field Marshal Lieutenant , in statements of the Austro-Hungarian military administration from 1867 ex officio but always only Field Marshal Lieutenant ) was a military rank. It appeared at the same time as that of the field marshal in the 17th century. The warlord used to add a "lower marshal" or "lieutenant" to a field marshal, who had to support and represent the field marshal. His duties included a. the supervision of food places and streets, the control of the guards etc.
development
The rank was used in the Imperial-Habsburg Army of the Holy Roman Empire from the 17th century to 1806, in the Army of the Austrian Empire 1804–1866 and in the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1867–1918 and was there until 1915 (until the rank was introduced Colonel-General ) is the second highest rank of general (behind the Feldzeugmeister or the General of the Infantry or General of the Cavalry ). If the field marshal was included , his rank was only in third place.
Since the spelling reform of 1996 the spelling Feldmarschallleutnant has to be used.
The rank in the Austro-Hungarian army corresponded to the lieutenant general of the Prussian army . The field marshal lieutenant mostly commanded a troop division as commander , and from 1917 a division . Field marshal lieutenants were addressed as excellence .
Medical officers with the rank of field marshal lieutenants wore in the land forces of Austria-Hungary the rank of General Staff-doctor .
In Austria , the rank was (continued) after 1918 by the commander-in-chief of the people's armed forces (until 1919) ( Adolf Boog was already a kuk Feldmarschalleutnant when he became commander-in-chief of the people's armed forces). In 1920, the German ranks and insignia were introduced in the armed forces of the First Republic . It was not until July 1933, by order of the Dollfuss regime, that ranks, badges and uniforms of Austrian tradition and thus also the field marshal lieutenant were reintroduced and existed until 1938.
In the Hungarian army the rank continued under his Hungarian name Altábornagy . He is still used there as the second highest rank of general to this day and corresponds to Lieutenant General (OF-8).
See also
literature
- Georg von Alten : manual for army and fleet. Volume III, Berlin 1911
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Biographical Lexicon of the Kaiserthums Oesterreich , 60 volumes, Vienna 1856–1891
- General German Biography , 56 volumes, Munich-Leipzig 1875–1912
- Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 , so far 12 volumes, Vienna 1957 ff.
- New Austrian Biography (from volume 10: Grosse Österreicher ), so far 21 volumes, Vienna 1935–1982
- Felix Czeike : Historisches Lexikon Wien , 5 volumes, Vienna 1992–1997
- Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: Imperial and Imperial and Royal Generals 1618-1815 , Austrian State Archives
- Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: The kk or kuk generals 1816-1918 , Austrian State Archives
- Adjustment regulation for the Austro-Hungarian Joint Army, the Imperial and Royal Landwehr, the Imperial and Royal Landwehr, the affiliated institutions and the corps of military officials. Complete edition Vienna / Bozen 1912