Fadogia ancylantha
| Fadogia ancylantha | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Fadogia ancylantha | ||||||||||||
| Here |
Fadogia ancylantha is a plant from the family of the redness plants (Rubiaceae). It is common in tropical and southern Africa . The Makoni tea is obtained from it.
description
Appearance and leaf
Fadogia ancylantha grows as a subshrub and reaches heights of 0.4 to 1.8 meters. A woody "root stock" is formed, which has a diameter of up to 2 cm. Usually two to six main branches are formed from the ground. The branched or unbranched, mostly woody, rounded or triangular branches in cross-section have a bald to short downy hairy, yellowish-cream colored bark .
Fadogia ancylantha is deciduous in the dry season between July and October. At the beginning of the rainy season in October or November, the species shoots new leaves and branches. In April the leaves turn yellow. The opposite or third often arranged in whorls leaves are at most 2 mm long stalks or sitting. The blue-green, frosted, simple leaf blades are 2.3 to 11 cm long and 1 to 7 cm wide, elliptical to rounded, obovate to more or less round with an almost truncated blade base and a blunt, often sharply pointed upper end. The leaf surfaces are glabrous or hairy for a short time. The stipules have a 1 to 2 mm long base and a 1.5 to 7 mm long thread-like appendage, the base being densely hairy on the inside.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
On an inflorescence stem only 2 to 16 mm long, which is sometimes formed at the internodes and runs down, usually two to three, rarely four flowers stand together; sometimes the flowers are solitary. The 6 to 22 mm long pedicels are hairy bald to short and downy.
The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five 2.5 to 3 mm long sepals have grown together to form a very short and ring-like, truncated calyx. In the flower bud, the petals are blunt to short pointed at the upper end. The five petals are fused Roehrig. The corolla tube, which is 17 to 28 mm long and more or less cylindrical, has a diameter of 2.5 to 3.5 mm at its base and a diameter of 5.5 to 7 mm at its upper end. So it is usually clearly widened at the top and usually clearly curved, but sometimes also, especially when it is dry, straight. The corolla tube is bare on the outside and inside it has a ring of hairs ( trichomes ) near its base . The 5 to 6.5 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, triangular corolla lobes have a short, blunt appendage. The color of the petals is greenish-yellow, the corolla tube is greener and the corolla lobes are green on the outside and whitish to light yellow on the inside. The ovary is fünfkammerig and each ovary chamber contains only a hanging ovule . The light green style is up to 3.4 cm long. There is secondary pollen presentation, the pollen is presented on the immature scar flap; which is cylindrical and ten-sided in this type with a length of about 2.5 mm. The scar is rounded with five lobes.
The blue-gray-green drupes are more or less spherical with a diameter of about 12 mm and, when dry, five-lobed.
Usage - Makonitee
In Zimbabwe , Makoni tea is made from wild stocks of Fadogia ancylantha , as no cultivation is possible. The stocks that are harvested thrive primarily in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe, where agricultural conditions are rather poor. The leaves are harvested in April, dripped with water and stored until they turn brown. Then drying begins. After drying, the tea is ready. For a long time, makonite tea has been believed to have healing properties. People use it to relieve stomach, chest and back pain , constipation , high blood pressure , asthma , muscle pain and loss of appetite . They also use the tea as an antidote for poisoning , for example as a result of snake bites , treat tropical ulcers , whooping cough and strengthen their muscles and bones with the drink.
Animals are also treated with the medicinal plant . For example, diarrhea in chickens should be combated.
The healing effects of Makonite tea have not yet been investigated in scientific studies.
Occurrence
Fadogia ancylantha is widespread in tropical and southern Africa . Locations are given for Tanzania , Zaire , Burundi , Nigeria , Sudan , Uganda , Angola , Malawi , Mozambique , Zambia , Zimbabwe , Swaziland and the Transvaal . In Zimbabwe, Fadogia ancylantha thrives at altitudes between 850 and 1680 meters in woodland with Colophospermum spec. and Brachystegia spec. as well as in "Chipya" woodlands, but also in grasslands with trees, often in Dambos , a kind of wetland, and on termite mounds .
Taxonomy
The first description of Fadogia ancylantha was made in 1877 by William Philip Hiern in Flora of Tropical Africa , Volume 3, page 155. synonyms for Fadogia ancylantha Hiern are: Fadogia obovata NEBr. Temnocalyx ancylanthus (Hiern) Robyns. Temnocalyx ancylanthus var. Puberulus Robyns ., Temnocalyx obovatus (NEBr.) Robyns.
swell
- Diane Mary Bridson: Rubiaceae , In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 5, 1998: Online at Kew.
- MA Hyde, BT Wursten & P. Ballings, 2012: Entry in the Flora of Zimbabwe .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Diane Mary Bridson: Rubiaceae , In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 5, 1998: Online at Kew.
- ↑ a b c d Makoni (Fadogia ancylantha) from Global Facilitation Unit - PDF. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Fadogia homblei in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Fadogia ancylantha at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Makoni tea: Zimbabwe's Rooibos?
- Fadogia ancylantha . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.
further reading
- T. Mencherini, P. Picerno, P. Del Gaudio, M. Festa, A. Capasso, R. Aquino: Saponins and polyphenols from Fadogia ancylantha (makoni tea) , In: J. Nat. Prod., Volume 73 (2), 2010, pp. 247-51, PMID 20058934 .