Wrong female pigeon

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Wrong female pigeon
The false female deaf (Russula medullata)

The false female deaf ( Russula medullata )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Wrong female pigeon
Scientific name
Russula medullata
Romagn.

The false female pigeon ( Russula medullata , Syn . : Russula subcompacta ) is a fungus from the family of pigeon relatives . It is a large, coarse, firm-fleshed blubber with a very variably colored hat that can be found in deciduous forests under aspens. Other names for this Täubling are Ocher-Poriger Speisetäubling or Ockersporiger Green-Tinged.

features

Macroscopic features

The 5–12 cm wide hat is first arched, then pillow-shaped and finally spread out. The hat can initially be indented in the middle in the shape of an umbilicus, but later it is slightly but extensively depressed. The smooth edge is thick and curved for a long time. In older specimens it is blunt and can be slightly and short grooved. The hat color is very variable, it ranges from almond green, light or dark olive green, blue-gray or mouse-gray, or the hat is less often partly brown, purple, red-violet or flesh-brown in color. Often the hat is also multicolored piebald, similar to the woman's blubber . The smooth hat skin can be both greasy and shiny as well as dry and matt. Half of it is removable.

The 4–12 (–15) ​​mm wide lamellae are initially densely packed, but later quite distant and are attached to the stem or slightly sloping down. They are partially forked on a stick, but never mixed in. The young pale cream-colored lamellae turn light ocher when the spores ripen. The spore powder is also pale ocher ( IIIa-IIIb according to Romagnesi ).

The cylindrical stem , often tapering towards the base, is 4–10 cm long and 1–3 cm wide. It is only very full and firm when young and soon pithy and later stuffed with cotton wool. It is white and with age, at least at the base, is brownish in color or has rust spots. After touching or pressing it tends to yellow. The stem is rarely tinged with pink.

The white flesh is thick and firm and compact in the hat. It can yellow a little with age. It smells faintly fruity and tastes mild, in the lamellas sometimes slightly hot. With iron sulphate, the meat turns slightly and slowly orange. The guaiac reaction is also weak.

Microscopic features

The broadly ellipsoidal spores are approximately between 6.5–8.5 µm long and 5.5–6.5 µm wide. They appear finely dotted with blunt, isolated warts. The basidia are 33–48 µm long and 7.2–9.7 µm wide. Those of the hat skin (epicutis) are strongly branched or short-limbed and often septate hyphae. They are usually slender, 2.5–5 (–6) µm wide, and uniform. The up to 100 µm long and 5–7 µm wide Pileocystiden are blunt to head-shaped or tapered to pointed at the upper end. In sulvovanilline they turn gray-violet.

Species delimitation

Depending on the color of the hat, the fungus can be mistaken for different deafblings. It often looks like a cross between the red-stemmed leather deaf and women's deaf . Green colored specimens are more similar to the grass green Täubling , with which the Täubling is also more closely related. But in spite of its variable hat colors, the large, tough Täubling is quite well characterized by its distinctive combination of features and its occurrence under aspen.

ecology

The false female pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. Its most common hosts are aspens and other poplar species . But it can also enter into a symbiosis with hornbeam , red beech and oak . In other countries it was also found under chestnuts , hazel and ash trees .

The fungus is mainly found in hornbeam-oak forests , in oak groves, poplar plantations and on the edges of forests and in parks. The Täubling likes fresh, loamy to clayey and nutrient-rich soils. The fruiting bodies appear between June and October.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the false female pigeon.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The false female pigeon is a rare, purely European species that is distributed almost all over Europe.

    In Germany the Täubling occurs mainly in the southwest, in Baden-Württemberg and the Saarland it is somewhat more common, north of the 51st parallel it is very rare.

    In Germany the species is considered endangered.

    Systematics

    The species is synonymous with Russla subcompacta in the sense of Romagnesi and Russula ferreri in the sense of Blum .

    Inquiry systematics

    The false female pigeon is placed in the Griseinae subsection , a subsection of the Heterophyllea section . The subsection contains medium to large species with gray, green, purple or olive colored hats. The mushrooms, which taste mild in themselves, have slightly sharp lamellae, and their spore powder is cream-colored to ocher.

    meaning

    The more or less mild-tasting deafblings are classified as edible by the French Society for Mycology. Due to their relative rarity, they do not play a role as edible mushrooms, at least in Germany.

    literature

    • Russula medullata. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed December 20, 2010 .
    • H. Romagnesi: Russula medullata. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed December 20, 2010 (French).

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b Russula medullata . Original Latin description. Russulales News, accessed December 20, 2010 .
    2. ↑ a b c Russula medullata. (PDF; 357 kB) In: The Tintling. Retrieved September 10, 2019 .
    3. ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 453.
    4. ↑ Russula medullata in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 31, 2011 .
    5. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula medullata. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare :).
    6. ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 293 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]).
    7. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula medullata. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    8. ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
    9. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula medullata. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    10. ↑ Ł. Łuczaj, K. Stawarczyk, T. Kosiek, M. Pietras, A. Kujawa: Wild food plants and fungi used by Ukrainians in the western part of the Maramureş region in Romania . In: Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae . tape 84 , no. 3 , 2015, p. 339--346 ( online ).
    11. ^ Piotr Mleczko, Maciej Kozak, Szymon Zubek: Russula medullata (Russulales, Basidiomycota): a new species in the mycobiota of Poland . In: Polish Botanical Journal . tape 55 , no. 2 , 2010 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from February 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bomax.botany.pl
    12. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula medullata. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 26, 2012 .
    13. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 26, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    14. ↑ Red List Center: Detail page - Red List. Retrieved May 19, 2020 .
    15. ↑ Edible mushrooms. List of all mushrooms classified as edible by the French Society for Mycology. Website WWW-PilzPilz-de, accessed on January 21, 2011 .

    Web links

    Commons : False female deaf ( Russula medullata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files