Grass-green blubber
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Grass-green blubber ( Russula aeruginea ) |
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| Russula aeruginea | ||||||||||||
| 1 = Fr. |
The grass-green blubber ( Russula aeruginea , Syn .: Russula graminicolor ), also called grass-green birch blubber , is a fungus from the family of the blubber relatives . The quite common mushroom has a light green to gray-green, moist, shiny hat and cream-colored, slightly pungent-tasting lamellae. It is edible and typically grows under birch trees.
features
Macroscopic features
The name “grass green Täubling” is derived from the color of the hat on the top. This is light green, partly also light gray in color and has a sticky surface. The center of the hat is often darker in color than its surroundings. In the initial stage, the hat is spherical and closed at the bottom. Later, the hat expands and takes on a wavy shape, with a depression usually forming in the center of the hat. Large specimens have grooves on the edge of the hat. On average, a hat can reach a diameter of 5 to 12 centimeters.
On the underside of the hat there are cream-colored lamellas that are quite dense and often forked. In older specimens, they are often spotted brown.
The white stem is smooth and about 4–8 inches long. This is also evenly thick. The lamellas run down on it at the upper end.
The white meat is crumbly and fragile, it is odorless and has a mild, slightly pungent taste. It turns gray-pink with iron sulphate and reacts slowly and weakly with guaiac . The spore powder of Russula aeruginea also has a cream color ( IIb-IIc according to Romagnesi ).
The hat skin turns orange with KOH . Iron sulfate slowly turns the meat or the handle surface pink.
Microscopic features
The spores of the grass-green blubber are very variable in size. They are between 6–10 μm long and 5–7 μm wide. They are elliptical or clearly elongated, in exceptional cases they can even be kidney-shaped. The papileless , rounded warts are partly connected by fine lines and in rare cases form a partial network with up to two meshes. The warts are about 0.5–0.6 µm high, rarely higher. The basidia are 38–45 µm long and 6.5–8 µm wide.
The cap skin hyphae contain rectangular, non-inflated supporting cells. The cystids are 50–82 µm long and 7.5–12 µm wide, cylindrical to spindle-shaped and without septa. The pilozystiden can be stained with sulfovanillin .
Species delimitation
The most important characteristics of this mushroom are: location under birch trees, dull greenish to gray hat and splintering, ocher-colored lamellae. There are a number of deafblings that can look very similar to the grass green deafblings.
- Some forms of the blue-green ripe deafblings ( Russula parazurea ) are particularly similar . The blue-green frost-bled has a gray-white frosted hat, more whitish (pale cream-colored) lamellae and a pale cream-colored spore powder, at least when it is dry.
- Green forms of the female deafblings ( Russula cyanxantha ) can also look similar. However, the female deaf has elastic, non-splintering lamellae. In addition, its meat does not react with iron sulfate.
- The green edible deaf and green forms of the flesh-red edible deaf ( Russula vesca ) have white lamellas and a pure white spore powder.
ecology
Like all Bluebirds , the grass-green Bluebird is also a mycorrhizal producer ; its main partners are species from the birch genus , especially sand birch and downy birch (hence the alternative name grass-green birch-Bluebird), and more rarely spruce . In addition, there are seldom reports of finds under pines , linden , larch and hemlocks . The grass green deafbling is not tied to any particular type of forest and can be found in various locations in the grass under its host trees. In addition to forests, it also inhabits parks, gardens and cemeteries. Very dry to fresh, acidic (heavily decalcified to lime-free), nutrient-poor soils are preferred. The species occurs from the lowlands to the high mountains. The fruiting bodies appear in Central Europe from July to October. The species is sensitive to nutrient input and the liming of the forests. For Baden-Württemberg, it is placed in risk group G3 (still common, but with a clear tendency to decline).
distribution
The grass-green blubber is distributed throughout the Holarctic North America (Canada, USA), Africa (Morocco), Asia (Korea, Kamchatka, Japan) and Europe. South of Israel, Asia Minor, the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands to the north of Greenland, Iceland, the Hebrides and Lapland.
In Germany it is relatively evenly distributed everywhere, but avoids the limestone areas.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The grass-green pigeon is placed by M. Bon in the Griseinae subsection , a subsection of the Heterophyllea section . The subsection contains medium to large species with gray, green, purple or olive colored hats. The mildly tasting mushrooms have slightly sharp lamellae, their spore powder is cream-colored to ocher.
Forms and varieties
The following forms and varieties have been described:
| variety | author | description |
|---|---|---|
| Russula aeruginea f. rickenii | Singer (1936) | More or less dark green and smooth. |
| Russula aeruginea var. Pseudoaeruginea | Romagn (1952) | The variety is now regarded as an independent species Russula pseudoaeruginea (Romagn.) Kuyper & Vuure (1985). |
| Russula aeruginea var. Rufa | P. Karst. (1889) | Karsten describes a blubber with a pale red-brown hat, which can also have a faint purple or blood-red shimmer and is 9-12 cm wide. The lamellae do not protrude and cystidia appear to be absent. Singer believes that this variety is synonymous with his R. vesca f. romellii is. Since there are no reddish hues in the grass-green blubber, this form is definitely not related to Russula aeruginea . |
meaning
The grass-green blubber is edible, but not digestible raw and should therefore be well boiled or fried.
swell
- Ettore Bielli: mushrooms. Neuer Kaiser Verlag, Klagenfurt 1998, ISBN 3-7043-2179-6 . (Italian original title: Funghi)
- Katharina Bickerich-Stoll: Mushrooms, definitely. Publishing house for popular scientific literature, Leipzig 1980. (1990, ISBN 3-332-00144-2 )
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- Julius Schaeffer: Russula aeruginea . Russula monograph. In: Annales Mycologici . tape 31 , no. 5-6 , 1933, pp. 312-313 ( online [accessed July 13, 2011]).
Individual evidence
- ^ Russula aeruginea. In: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved September 6, 2011 .
- ^ Roger Phillips: Russula aeruginea. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on March 6, 2014 ; accessed on June 20, 2011 (English).
- ^ H. Romagnesi: Russula aeruginea. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). In: mycobank.org The Fungal website. Retrieved June 20, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula aeruginea. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved August 31, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula aeruginea. Retrieved June 9, 2012 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 289 ( online at cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Russula aeruginea. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013 ; Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
- ↑ Gordana Kasom, Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula aeruginea. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved August 31, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula aeruginea in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved September 1, 2011 .
- ^ TV Andrianova and others: Russula aeruginea. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on January 3, 2014 ; accessed on August 31, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula aeruginea. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved August 31, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula aeruginea f. rickenii. (No longer available online.) In: Russulales News. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018 ; Retrieved August 31, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula aeruginea var. Rufa. (No longer available online.) In: Russula News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018 ; Retrieved July 13, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ R. Singer: Russula vesca f. romellii. (PDF) Monograph of the genus Russula. In: Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt (1932). A. Pascher, p. 361 , accessed July 13, 2011 .
Web links
- Täubling of the week # 20: Grass-green Täubling. In: pilzepilze.de. (Photos of the grass-green blubber, showing the fungus in all its variation).
- Russula aeruginea. In: Russulales News. (English, photos and brief description).
- Karin Montag: The grass-green birch pigeon (Russula aeruginea) in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com .
- Russula aeruginea. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. (Italian, photos of the grass-green birch-Täubling).
- R. Singer: Russula aeruginea. (PDF) Monograph of the genus Russula. In: Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt (1932). A. Pascher, pp. 271-272 .
