Fedir Krychevskyi

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Cyrillic ( Ukrainian )
Фе́дір Григо́рович Криче́вський
Transl. : Fedir Hryhorowytsch Krychevskyj
Transcr. : Fedir Hryhorowytsch Krychevskyj
Cyrillic ( Russian )
Фёдор Григорьевич Кричевский
Transl .: Fëdor Grigor'evič Kričevskij
Transcr .: Fyodor Grigoryevich Krichevsky
Self-portrait Fedir Krychevskyi

Fedir Hryhorowytsch Krytschewskyj (born May 10, jul. / 22. May  1879 greg. In Lebedyn , Kharkov Governorate in the Russian Empire ; † the 30th July 1947 in Irpin in Kiev , Ukrainian SSR ) was a Ukrainian painter , art teacher and co-founder and first rector of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kiev.

biography

Krytschewskyj grew up with his older brother Wassyl Krytschewskyj ( Василь Григорович Кричевський , 1873–1952), who also became a painter, in Lebeydn. The siblings' father was a Jewish country doctor who had converted to Orthodox Christianity, and their mother was Ukrainian. Fedir's talent caught the eye of the local potters, after which he was invited to Moscow and prepared for the entrance examination to the College of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture , where he studied between 1896 and 1901. From 1907 to 1910 he studied at the Russian Art Academy in Saint Petersburg . After graduating from the Academy, he traveled through Europe (Paris, Munich, Berlin, Rome, Vienna) in 1911. On his return he settled in Kiev, where he became a co-founder and first rector of the Academy of Fine Arts in 1917 . In 1930 he was a professor at the Kharkov Art Institute. In June 1939 he received, together with his brother Wassyl, the title of doctor of arts and in May 1940, also together with his brother, the title of " Honored Artist of the USSR ". In 1941 he went on a creative trip to western Ukraine, from which he returned to Kiev at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War . From there he was evacuated to Ufa , but returned to Kiev. From there he went to western Ukraine in autumn 1943 and finally to Koenigsberg to his brother, who was already there. Here he tried to escape the rapidly advancing Red Army to the west, but was arrested by the SMERSCH secret service and, after lengthy interrogation and torture, after he was robbed of all his titles and honors, banished to Irpin near Kiev. Arrested there again, he was released because of illness. He died hopelessly weakened in Irpin during the famine in 1947. Twelve years after his death he was rehabilitated as part of the de-Stalinization process, whereupon the first posthumous retrospective of his works took place in Kiev in 1959. In 1965 his coffin was reburied in the Lukjanivska cemetery (plot No. 25, row 15, place 3) in Kiev.

plant

Krychevsky created nearly a thousand compositions, portraits, landscapes, sketches and studies, preferably on large canvases . For a while he approached the style of Neo-Byzantineism of Mychajlo Bojtschuk ( Миха́йло Льво́вич Бойчу́к ; 1882–1937), but ultimately turned to a realistic style , also influenced by his trip to Western Europe by Gustav Klimt and Ferdinand Hodler . While his early works are considered his most valuable and respected, his later works suffered from the ideological pressures of Socialist Realism . His most important works include: Three Ages of 1913 and Life ( Triptych - Love , Family and Homecoming ), created between 1925 and 1927, with which he caused a sensation at the 1928 Venice Biennale . He had been a leading figure in Ukrainian art since the 1930s and organized the first all-Ukrainian art exhibitions in 1911 and 1913. Since 1897 his works have been exhibited in over 34 solo and group exhibitions, both inside and outside Ukraine. As an art teacher, he taught students how Tetyana Yablonska , Serhiy Schyschko , Volodymyr Kostezkyj ( Володимир Миколайович Костецький ; 1905-1968) and Heorhiy Melichow ( Георгій Степанович Меліхов ; 1908-1985). A large number of his works are now in the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kiev.

  • National Art Museum; Self-portrait, between 1926 and 1932

  • National Art Museum; "The Bride", 1910

  • "Love"
    triptych "Life"
  • "Family"
    triptych "Life"
  • "Homecoming"
    triptych "Life"

Web links

Commons : Fedir Krychevskyi  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c biography of Fedir Krychevskyj in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine , accessed on May 28, 2015
  2. ↑ a b biography and bibliography of F. Krytschewskyj on uartlib.org , accessed on May 28, 2015
  3. ↑ Biography on Ukrainische Welt.org , accessed on May 28, 2015
personal data
SURNAME Krychevskyi, Fedir
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Krychevskyi, Fedir Hryhorowytsch (full name); Криче́вський, Фе́дір Григо́рович (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian painter and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH May 22, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Lebedyn Kharkov Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH July 30, 1947
Place of death Irpin near Kiev , Ukrainian SSR