Filing

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Portrait of an apprentice filing (Textima training workshop Mölkau , 1952)

Filing is a manufacturing process from the main group cutting and is part of machining with a geometrically defined cutting edge . In DIN 8580, it is treated together with rasping . Filing is defined there as chipping with repeated straight or circular cutting movements and low chipping thickness with a tool in which the teeth follow one another closely at a low height. Almost all metals , wood and plastics are processed with a file , but the file is also applied to horny parts of the body such as nails and hooves .

Classification according to DIN 8589-7

In DIN, filing and rasping are assigned to the seventh subgroup of the second group (cutting with geometrically defined cutting edges) of the third main group (cutting) and are divided as follows:

  • 3.2.7 Files / rasps
    • 3.2.7.1 Flat files (rasps)
    • 3.2.7.2 Round files (rasps)
    • 3.2.7.3 not used
    • 3.2.7.4 not used
    • 3.2.7.5 Profile files (rasps)
    • 3.2.7.6 Shaped files (rasps)

Each of the variants is again differentiated into lifting files and chain files. For example: 3.2.7.1.1 Hub flat files etc.

Procedure

The cutting movement and the feed movement are mostly carried out by hand . The workpiece, on the other hand, is usually firmly clamped, mostly between the jaws of a vice . In the past there were also machine files that were mainly used in tool making , but have now been replaced by faster and more precise machine tools .

A distinction is made between roughing and finishing , depending on the type of file used . Roughing arrows usually have a cross cut and are used to remove large amounts of material. The surfaces filed in this way have strong grooves. Plain files are much finer toothed; the spaces between the rows of teeth are still frequently chalk filled to the scoring prevent. Finishing is fine machining and achieves surfaces with few grooves, but regular brushing out of chips adhering to the file blade is necessary.

Filing can be a strenuous, but at the same time very instructive, activity. It is one of the first exercises of prospective trainees in tool mechanics , industrial mechanics , metal workers, gunsmiths, mechatronics , technical draftsmen , metal cutting, automation core and now also in the electronics engineers . However, the proportion of training time spent with files is steadily decreasing. While in the 1970s a mechanic still worked in the first six months, a trainee now sometimes only works for two weeks.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Files (engineering)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uwe Heisel , Fritz Klocke , Eckart Uhlmann , Günter Spur : Handbuch Spanen , Hanser, 2014, p. 24.