Open university

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Distance universities are universities that enable a degree with a regular academic degree by way of distance learning , which also includes face-to-face phases, for example for the exams. In contrast to the numerous distance learning schools , they enable the acquisition of an academic degree. The first and only German state-run university that works exclusively as a distance-learning university is the distance-learning university in Hagen . In terms of the number of students, it is the largest university in Germany. For HR managers in German companies, distance learning is at least equivalent to face-to-face learning. There are numerous universities around the world that offer distance learning with academic degrees in certain faculties. Privately run universities mostly offer MBA courses with state-recognized degrees in distance learning. The system of a virtual university usually has several components, for example

  • Distance learning with study letters and internet administration
  • Online distance learning: Tasks are set on the Internet
  • Computer aided learning programs via the internet
  • Online seminars with newsgroups, email lists
  • Video conferencing

structure

The level of education does not differ from conventional universities. The teaching material is mostly distributed through study letters. Similar to face- to- face universities , homework has to be done here. The credit records are also conventionally by exams and active participation in seminars with presentation and housework provided. It is also important to pass oral and written exams . At the end of the course there is a written work and usually a final exam.

history

Distance universities were originally founded out of an emancipatory idea. Those who lacked the time, financial resources or the formal requirements to study should be able to complete distance learning if their talents enabled them. Open universities are often used by students who are employed or on parental leave. There are also students from rural areas or from abroad without local access to a local university, as well as the chronically ill, disabled, imprisoned and professional athletes. In the history of distance learning, three generations are distinguished from one another: the correspondence generation (from 1850), the telecommunications or open university generation (from 1960) and the Internet generation (from 1990).

Distance universities in Germany

Distance University of Hagen

The distance university in Hagen , which was largely initiated by Johannes Rau , was founded in 1974 as a university and comprehensive university; it is the first and only distance university in Germany under public law. The range of courses includes bachelor and master courses , advanced training and academy courses. As part of the academy studies, further academic training is also possible without access restrictions. There are the following faculties: cultural and social sciences , mathematics and computer science , economics and law . The distance university has study centers in Austria, Switzerland, Hungary and Latvia and cooperates with numerous universities and scientific institutions around the world.

Allensbach University

In Germany, in addition to the distance learning university in Hagen, the possibility of university distance learning is also offered by the privately run and state-recognized Allensbach University (formerly the Wissenschaftliche Hochschule Lahr WHL), which offers distance learning courses in management , finance , healthcare and social sciences. Since these courses require a completed first degree as well as professional experience, working academics are primarily addressed. The university also describes itself as a university business school .

German university for further education

The German University for Continuing Education (DUW) , as a university of applied sciences, is primarily aimed at working academics. Since 2009, distance learning master’s and certificate courses have been offered in the fields of business and management, education, health and communication. There are a total of 19 different educational offers. In 2013 it was reported that DUW was about to close or sell due to financial problems. In August 2015, the results of a FORSA survey commissioned by DUW on the subject of continuing education were published. According to this, 31 percent of the surveyed employees feel that their superiors do not support them adequately when it comes to career planning and personal development.

Technical University of Kaiserslautern

The Technical University of Kaiserslautern maintains the Distance and Independent Studies Center (DISC), founded in 1992 as ZFUW, a scientific institution of the TU that offers its own postgraduate, extra-occupational distance learning courses, some with a Master’s degree. The TU also offers early entry into physics studies (FiPS), early entry into mathematics studies (FiMS), as well as early entry into electrical engineering and information technology, with which students and high school graduates can study the chosen subject for up to two semesters by means of distance learning . This offer is unique in Germany and enables z. B. to begin military and community service with an undergraduate degree. In general, the entry barriers for prospective students without a university entrance qualification have been reduced in the higher education system of the Federal Republic of Germany .

Center for distance learning and university further education

The Center for Distance Learning and University Further Education (ZFUW) at the University of Koblenz-Landau , which has existed since 1991, offers measures for scientific further education in the fields of natural science and technology, human sciences and management in cooperation with the subjects and departments of the university. The centre's program includes distance learning courses with master’s degrees, one-semester distance learning courses with specific job-related content, university certificate courses as well as day and weekend seminars. The master’s courses are accredited. In 2011, the ZFUW was converted into a central operating unit of the university and has since been represented on both campuses (Koblenz and Landau).

casc - Institute for Scientific Further Education at the University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich

In addition to the undergraduate degree as part of officer training, practical advanced training programs have been developed at the casc training institute since 2008 together with professors from the University of the Federal Armed Forces in Munich and cooperation partners. In addition to research and teaching, the area of ​​scientific further education is the third pillar and forms the interface between the armed forces , industry , business and the university . The target groups of the part-time study programs and further qualifications are civilian specialists and executives from industry and business, in authorities at the federal, state and local level, as well as members of the armed forces and resigning temporary officers and soldiers. Most of the certificate courses and study programs are designed in the blended learning format: self-learning phases (web-based learning platform with virtual learning groups and tutorial support) alternate with voluntary attendance weekends on campus. The range of courses currently comprises six Bachelor's and Master’s degree programs: Bachelor’s degree in Industrial Engineering (B.Eng), Master’s degree in Personnel Development (MA), Master’s degree in Systems Engineering (M.Sc.), Master’s degree in International Security Studies (MA), MBA International Management and MBA Public Management.

Open universities in German-speaking countries

In Switzerland , the federally recognized institute for University Distance Learning Switzerland offers undergraduate courses in the fields of history, psychology, law and economics. In addition, the internet-based university Educatis offers distance learning in the School of Management. In addition, the Fernfachhochschule Schweiz (FFHS) has existed since 1998, offering part-time Bachelor and Master’s courses as well as further training in the fields of business, IT, engineering, law and health.

Distance learning courses also exist in Austria . For example, it is possible to study law at the Johannes Kepler University Linz in Linz . The special feature of the multimedia degree course in law is that there is no formal difference between distance learning and face-to-face studies. In addition, the JKU also oversees the courses at the Hagen Distance Learning University in Austria. Since 2007 there has still been an option to study via distance learning: the FernFH courses in Vienna and Wiener Neustadt offer the possibility of studying business informatics or business psychology.

Open universities in the world

In France , many universities offer distance learning themselves, e.g. B. the Université de Toulouse - Le Mirail (UTM). Other distance universities are the Open University in Great Britain , the Universidade Aberta in Portugal , the Spanish Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , and the Distance University of the Netherlands . The first university in the world to offer distance learning in addition to its regular courses was the University of London, which has offered these courses since 1858 and to this day as part of the University of London External Program . There are also numerous distance universities in Hungary. Almost every university or college offers distance learning here. This is also z. Some offered in German and English.

There are also some distance universities outside Europe, for example the University of the Cape of Good Hope was founded in South Africa in 1873 . For a long time she offered no classes, only exams. In 1916 it was renamed the University of South Africa (UNISA). Distance learning was then offered by post from the late 1940s. In 2002 more than 150,000 students were enrolled. This makes it the oldest and largest open university in Africa. The University of South Africa (Unisa) currently looks after over 250,000 students, making it one of the largest distance-learning universities. Unisa cooperates with the Society for Education and Research in Europe (GBFE).

The largest distance universities in the world are the Allama Iqbal Open University in Islamabad with three million and the Indira Gandhi National Open University in New Delhi with 1.8 million enrolled students.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Combined and distance learning - Ministry of Science. In: www.wissenschaft.nrw.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Distance learning: "You need a lot of hard work and self-discipline" . In: The time . ( zeit.de [accessed on August 24, 2015]).
  3. ↑ Germany's largest university: So far and yet so full . In: Spiegel Online . December 20, 2013 ( spiegel.de [accessed August 24, 2015]).
  4. ↑ TU Berlin: Distance University as a career springboard. (No longer available online.) In: www.tu-berlin.de. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015 ; accessed on August 24, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tu-berlin.de
  5. ^ Duke University's Fuqua School of Business - Duke's Fuqua School of Business. In: www.fuqua.duke.edu. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Claudia Pfleger: The didactics of distance learning in formal indexing with special consideration of learning programs. In: Dissertation. 2002, accessed August 24, 2015 .
  7. ↑ Ute Bandlow and a .: Distance learning and distance learning - an attractive offer for women? In: Report 34, Women's Research in Adult Education. December 1994, accessed August 24, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Olaf Zawacki-Richter: History of distance learning - From teaching by letter to learning together in Web 2.0 . In: Textbook for Learning and Teaching with Technologies . tape 0 , no. 0 , January 28, 2011 ( tugraz.at [accessed August 24, 2015]).
  9. ↑ Deutsche Welle: March 6, 1974: NRW state government decides to found the first federal German distance university. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Harald Ries: The Fernuni Hagen is turning 40 - a look back at the early years. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Hagen.htm. In: www2.hu-berlin.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  12. ↑ FernUniversität in Hagen: Fernstudium | Continuing education | Academy studies. In: www.fernuni-hagen.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  13. ^ Statement on the accreditation of the AKAD Wissenschaftlichen Hochschule Lahr (WHL). Wissenschaftsrat, July 11, 2003, accessed on August 24, 2015 .
  14. ↑ Studies at WHL University of Applied Sciences Lahr: Private University in Lahr, Baden-Württemberg (Germany). In: www.privathochschulen.net. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  15. ↑ Lahr University of Applied Sciences - nationally recognized - FH-RPL. (No longer available online.) In: fh-rpl.de. Archived from the original on September 2, 2015 ; accessed on August 24, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / fh-rpl.de
  16. ↑ Interview with Dr. Jörg Schweigard press spokesman for the Lahr University of Applied Sciences. In: www.mba24.com. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  17. ↑ DUW: Training for further education university from FU and Klett - Knowledge - Tagesspiegel. In: www.tagesspiegel.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  18. ↑ University company: FU Berlin wants to sell further education university . In: DER SPIEGEL . May 13, 2013 ( spiegel.de [accessed on August 24, 2015]).
  19. ↑ Further education: sponsor me or I will quit. In: www.wiwo.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  20. ↑ http://www.zfuw.uni-kl.de/. In: www.zfuw.uni-kl.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  21. ^ The physics course in Kaiserslautern - Department of Physics at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. (No longer available online.) In: www.physik.uni-kl.de. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015 ; accessed on August 24, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.physik.uni-kl.de
  22. ↑ FiMS - Your Early Entry into Mathematics Studies - Early Entry into Mathematics Studies - TU Kaiserslautern. (No longer available online.) In: fims.mathematik.uni-kl.de. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015 ; accessed on August 24, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / fims.mathematik.uni-kl.de
  23. ↑ Distance learning entry. (No longer available online.) In: Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology - TU Kaiserslautern. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015 ; accessed on August 24, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eit.uni-kl.de
  24. ↑ DISC: complete program. Postgraduate distance learning and continuing education. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  25. ↑ Studying without a high school diploma. (No longer available online.) In: www.stifterverband.info. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; accessed on August 24, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stifterverband.info
  26. ↑ Sigrun Nickel, Sindy Duong: Studying without Abitur - Monitoring of developments in the federal government, states and universities. In: Working paper No. 157. Center for Higher Education Development, 2012, accessed on August 24, 2015 .
  27. ^ Center for Distance Learning and University Continuing Education - University of Koblenz · Landau. In: www.uni-koblenz-landau.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  28. ^ Education network Rhein-Main: Center for distance learning and university further education. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  29. ^ Institute for Scientific Further Education (cascampus advanced studies center) of the University of the Federal Armed Forces in Munich. Retrieved October 12, 2019 .
  30. ↑ Portrait - fernuni.ch. In: fernuni.ch. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  31. ↑ Hans-Rudolf Frey: Swissuni - University Continuing Education - Continuing Education - Formation continue. (No longer available online.) In: www.swissuni.ch. Archived from the original on February 17, 2015 ; accessed on August 24, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.swissuni.ch
  32. ^ University of Educatis. In: Internat-Vergleich.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  33. ↑ Distance University of Applied Sciences Switzerland: Portrait | Distance University of Applied Sciences Switzerland: Study when and where you want! In: www.ffhs.ch. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  34. ↑ Distance learning in Austria | studieren.at. In: www.studieren.at. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  35. ↑ JKU | Distance learning center. In: www.fernstudien.at. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  36. ↑ Fédération interuniversitaire de l'enseignement à distance ( Memento of the original of May 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / telesup.univ-mrs.fr
  37. ↑ International cooperation: British distance learning university offers recognized qualifications for BA, MA or MBA. In: www.kooperation-international.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015 .
  38. ↑ UNESCO ( Memento of February 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  39. ↑ Allama Iqbal Open University - Salient Features ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / aiou.edu.pk