Fish rooting
Fish rooting | ||||||||||||
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![]() Ichthyophis sp. |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Ichthyophiidae | ||||||||||||
Taylor , 1968 |
The fish burrows (Ichthyophiidae) are a family of sneak amphibians (Gymnophiona) that occur in southern India, Sri Lanka , mainland Southeast Asia , Indonesia in Sumatra , Kalimantan and western Java , in the Philippines in southern Mindanao and on Palawan . Adult fish-burrows, despite their name, are terrestrial .
features
Fish burrows are 13.5 to 50 centimeters long. The original characteristic is that the skull consists of many bones. However, it is more solid than that of the Rhinatrematidae . The mouth is terminal or slightly below. Their tentacles lie between the nostrils and eyes. The typical Caecilian double jaw closure mechanism in which next to the pine - adductor , a second pair of muscles of the lower jaw to the upper jaw approach leads is well developed. The body is curled by two-fold skin folds (annuli) and covered by numerous scales. Fish rooting have a short tail and a caudal spine. All fish digging have tracheal lungs .
Reproduction
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/CaecilianNHM.png/220px-CaecilianNHM.png)
All fish burrows are presumably oviparous (laying eggs). They breed during the rainy season. Clutches that have been found so far lay near the water in moist soil and were guarded by the mother. Embryos have three pairs of branched gills . The larvae are aquatic and have a pair of gills or two and a low caudal fin by the time they metamorphose . The larvae have a lateral line organ that concentrates mainly on the head area. It is probably also used for electrical orientation and helps to find food in murky water. The metamorphosis takes place after a few weeks, but in some cases only after two years.
Genera and species
There are two genera with 57 species (as of November 18, 2018):
- Genus Ichthyophis (50 species)
- Ichthyophis acuminatus Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis alfredi Mathew & Sen , 2009
- Ichthyophis asplenius Taylor , 1965
- Ichthyophis atricollaris Taylor , 1965
- Ichthyophis bannanicus Yang , 1984
- Ichthyophis beddomei Peters , 1880
- Ichthyophis bernisi Salvador , 1975
- Ichthyophis biangularis Taylor , 1965
- Ichthyophis billitonensis Taylor , 1965
- Ichthyophis bombayensis Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis cardamomensis Geissler , Poyarkov , Grismer , Nguyen , An , Neang , Kupfer , Ziegler , Böhme & Müller , 2015
- Ichthyophis catlocensis Geissler , Poyarkov , Grismer , Nguyen , An , Neang , Kupfer , Ziegler , Böhme & Müller , 2015
- Ichthyophis chaloensis Geissler , Poyarkov , Grismer , Nguyen , An , Neang , Kupfer , Ziegler , Böhme & Müller , 2015
- Ichthyophis daribokensis Mathew & Sen , 2009
- Ichthyophis davidi Bhatta , Dinesh , Prashanth , Kulkarni & Radhakrishnan , 2011
- Ichthyophis dulitensis Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis elongatus Taylor , 1965
- Ichthyophis garoensis Pillai & Ravichandran , 1999
- Ichthyophis glandulosus Taylor , 1923
- Ichthyophis glutinosus ( Linnaeus , 1758) - Ceylonwühle
- Ichthyophis humphreyi Taylor , 1973
- Ichthyophis hypocyaneus ( Boie , 1827)
- Ichthyophis javanicus Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis khumhzi Kamei , Wilkinson , Gower & Biju , 2009
- Ichthyophis kodaguensis Wilkinson , Gower , Govindappa & Venkatachalaiah , 2007
- Ichthyophis kohtaoensis Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis lakimi Nishikawa , Matsui & Yambun , 2012
- Ichthyophis laosensis Taylor , 1969
- Ichthyophis larutensis Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis longicephalus Pillai , 1986
- Ichthyophis mindanaoensis Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis monochrous ( Bleeker , 1858)
- Ichthyophis moustakius Kamei , Wilkinson , Gower & Biju , 2009
- Ichthyophis multicolor Wilkinson , Presswell , Sherratt , Papadopoulou & Gower , 2014
- Ichthyophis nguyenorum Nishikawa , Matsui & Orlov , 2012
- Ichthyophis nigroflavus Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis nokrekensis Mathew & Sen , 2009
- Ichthyophis orthoplicatus Taylor , 1965
- Ichthyophis paucidentulus Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis paucisulcus Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis pauli Nishikawa , Matsui , Sudin & Wong , 2013
- Ichthyophis pseudangularis Taylor , 1965
- Ichthyophis Sendenyu Kamei , Wilkinson , Gower & Biju , 2009
- Ichthyophis sikkimensis Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis singaporensis Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis sumatranus Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis supachaii Taylor , 1960
- Ichthyophis tricolor Annandale , 1909
- Ichthyophis weberi Taylor , 1920
- Ichthyophis youngorum Taylor , 1960
- Genus Uraeotyphlus was previously placed in its own family Uraeotyphlidae (7 species)
- Uraeotyphlus gansi Gower, Rajendran, Nussbaum & Wilkinson , 2008
- Uraeotyphlus interruptus Pillai & Ravichandran , 1999
- Uraeotyphlus malabaricus ( Beddome , 1870)
- Uraeotyphlus menoni Annandale , 1913
- Uraeotyphlus narayani Seshachar , 1939
- Uraeotyphlus oommeni Gower & Wilkinson , 2007
- Uraeotyphlus oxyurus ( Duméril & Bibron , 1841)
gallery
literature
- Werner Himstedt: The blind diggers . ISBN 3894324341
- Wilfried Westheide & Reinhard Rieger: Special Zoology Part 2: Vertebrae and Skull Animals , 1st edition, Spectrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg • Berlin, 2004, ISBN 3-8274-0307-3
- K. Deckert, Gisela Deckert , GE Freytag, G. Peters, G. Sterba: Urania animal kingdom, fish, amphibians, reptiles. Urania-Verlag, 1991, ISBN 3-332-00376-3 .
Web links
- Darrel Frost: Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2017, accessed November 17, 2018
- Darrel Frost: Uraeotype Peters, 1880 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2017, accessed November 17, 2018
- Amphibiaweb: List of species of the Ichthyophiidae family
- Ichthyophis in the IUCN 2018Red List of Threatened Species.
- Uraeotype in the IUCN 2018Red List of Threatened Species.