Flat patent leather

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Flat patent leather
Flat Lackporling (Ganoderma applanatum)

Flat Lackporling ( Ganoderma applanatum )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Stalk porlings (Polyporales)
Family : Lackporlingsverwandte (Ganodermataceae)
Genre : Lackporlinge ( Ganoderma )
Type : Flat patent leather
Scientific name
Ganoderma applanatum
(Pers.) Pat.

The Flat Lackporling or painter mushroom ( Ganoderma applanatum , syn. Ganoderma lipsiense ) is a very common fungus from the family of Lackporlingsverwandten (Ganodermataceae).

features

The perennial fruiting bodies of the flat lacquer sprout are sessile. The fruiting body becomes 10–30 cm wide and 5–40 cm long, in exceptional cases also significantly larger. In May 2013, a specimen 117 cm wide and 76 cm long with a circumference of 364 cm and a thickness of 2–15 cm was found on maple stumps. Usually it is relatively flat with a thickness of 2–8 cm. The concentrically grooved and irregularly curved surface of the hat is gray to dark brown with a thin, indentable crust (in contrast to the beaded lacquer porcelain ). The fruit bodies are often covered with cocoa-brown spore powder due to spore powder swirled on the surface of the hat. The edge of young fruiting bodies is white and rounded, old specimens thin and sharp. The underside of the hat is freshly whitish, turning brown on pressure (see also under names). The flat lacquer pores have about 5 to 6 pores per mm, they are very small, mostly round. Because it has grown over several years, the tubes of the pores can be formed in several layers. The length of the tubes varies between 5 and 20 mm. The meat is of a tough, woody consistency. The Trama is crisscrossed with dark brown with whitish stripes (so-called "Partridge Trama", different from the beaded Lackporling). The spores are rust-brown with a fine black surface that appears smooth under the light microscope. Their shape is ellipsoidal with a size of 5.5–8.5 µm.

Flat Lackporling with teat gall

The Flat Lackporling is often colonized by the teat gall fly ( Agathomyia wankowiczi ), which causes teat-like growths (galls) on the underside of the fungus. These galls are only found in the flat lacquer and are therefore a good additional characteristic for the species.

Way of life

The Flat Lackporling is a (weakness) parasite and saprobiont, which occurs mainly on hardwoods. It is able to utilize the host tree that has died down into the final phase of decomposition and can therefore form fresh fruiting bodies or pore layers on barked or unbinded wood, as well as on very badly rotten wood. The host range of the species is considerable, in addition to various hardwoods, it can grow on coniferous wood (albeit much less often). The main host in Germany is the common beech . However, Krieglsteiner describes a different preference for different host types depending on the altitude: In lower elevations, poplar species in particular are colonized, alongside significantly fewer willows and oaks , and red beeches are only very rarely colonized here. As the altitude increases, the importance of the European beech as a substrate increases, with sycamore maple being added at high altitudes . The Flat Lackporling can be found in almost all forest communities in Germany. In addition, it occurs outside of forests, if the appropriate substrate is available. The perennial fruiting bodies can be found at any time of the year, the spore formation begins in spring as soon as the average temperature is higher than 6 ° C, it lasts throughout the warm season and ends with the first frost. Spore production takes place mainly at night and has a minimum around noon.

Occurrence

The Flat Lackporling is widespread worldwide and only does not occur in treeless regions. In Germany it is only found less often in arid regions.

meaning

The flat mushroom is out of the question as an edible mushroom, although it is not poisonous, it is much too tough as a food, has a wood-like consistency and is unsuitable for consumption due to its bitter ingredients. Large consoles of this mushroom are often used to display stuffed animals on them. In East Asian folk medicine, the flat Lackporling is used as a medicinal mushroom . Active ingredients are mainly the triterpenoids and ganoderic acids contained in lacquer porlingen. The powdered mushroom or an extract is used. It is said that effectiveness is only achieved after a long period of use. The spectrum of applications is very broad and ranges from protection against colds to anti-carcinogenic effects.

Names

Drawing on the underside of the flat lacquer porcelain

For the derivation of the generic name, see under Lackporlinge . In the United States , fruit bodies are occasionally used by artists who create images on the pore side of the mushroom because those pores become permanently brown at pressure points. The English name “Artist's Conk” or “Designer's Mushroom” for this mushroom is derived from the artistic use. In German, the mushroom is therefore sometimes referred to as painter's mushroom.

confusion

  • The bulging Lackporling ( G. adspersum ) is very similar, but has a bulging instead of a sharp edge on the edge of the hat.
  • The tinder sponge ( Fomes fomentarius ) has significantly thicker fruiting bodies, console-shaped to hoof-shaped fruiting bodies.
  • The spruce spruce ( Fomitopsis pinicola ) has a mostly conspicuous red-rimmed growth zone on the bulging edge of the hat and is rather compact in shape, the substrate used by it (coniferous wood) is rarely colonized by the flat spruce .

Related species (selection)

other relatives:

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karin Montag: Flat Lackporling (Ganoderma applanatum) In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved October 12, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Flat Lackporling  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files