Shiny paintwork
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Shiny Lackporling ( Ganoderma lucidum ) |
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| ( Curtis ) P. Karst. |
The glossy Lackporling ( Ganoderma lucidum ) is a fungus from the family of the Lackporlingsverwandten (Ganodermataceae).
description
The Shiny Lackporling is a coarse mushroom with a five to 20 centimeter high hat that sits on a (mostly) lateral stem. The cap of the fruiting body is about one to three centimeters thick. The fruit body is covered with a yellowish, later reddish (to reddish-brown or reddish-black) darkening resin layer. This layer of resin melts in a match or lighter flame. The edge of the mushroom is white, the underside consists of a whitish layer of pores, there are around four to five pores per millimeter. The clear stem (sometimes only formed as a stem-shaped base) is red-brown to almost black and shimmering purple.
Way of life
The glossy Lackporling is a wood-dwelling saprobiont or weak parasite , which colonizes mainly hardwoods. Oaks are particularly suitable as a substrate , along with other deciduous trees, and more rarely conifers ( spruce and pine ). The mushroom lives mainly in oak or mixed oak forests with a favorable temperature, as well as red beech forests and hardwood meadows. Outside of these biotopes, the glossy lacquer sprout can be found on hedges, in parks and on roadsides if the appropriate substrate (oak or red beech ) is available there. The annual fruiting bodies are found on tree stumps, roots or at the base of living host trees.
distribution
The glossy lacquer porling is probably widespread worldwide, but there are uncertainties in this regard, mainly due to the still unclear demarcation from related shapes. In the Holarctic , the species is particularly widespread in Mediterranean and temperate areas, in Europe it occurs as far as southern Scandinavia. In Germany, the glossy lacquer pore is distributed irregularly throughout the area.
Systematics
The Shiny Lackporling belongs to a complex of closely related clans of the genus Ganoderma , some of which differ only in the choice of substrate and whose taxonomic rank is unclear. In Europe, this complex also includes the following species: Resinous Lackporling ( Ganoderma resinaceum ), Dark Lackporling ( Ganoderma carnosum ) and Ganoderma valesiacum (form from the Alps and the Carpathians, there on larch ). Non-European species of the complex are the Ganoderma tsugae and Ganoderma oregonese , which grow on Tsuga . Ganoderma sinense and Ganoderma japonicum come from East Asia .
Species differentiation from Reishi or Lingzhi
The species Ganoderma lucidum is often equated with the medicinal mushroom Reishi or Lingzhi known from TCM . However, the latest studies have shown that the traditional medicinal mushroom is a different, related species that has been described as Ganoderma lingzhi (2012, Sheng H. Wu, Y. Cao & YC Dai) based on morphological and molecular data . See also in English Wikipedia: en: Lingzhi (mushroom) .
meaning
The glossy lacquer porling is out of the question as an edible mushroom , as a wood pest it is insignificant.
In East Asia, the mushroom is used as a medicinal product. Therapeutic applications are often aimed at strengthening the immune system and the liver and at stimulating the metabolism. The therapeutic utility of preparations containing G. lucidum for the treatment of various ailments or diseases is supported by evidence in the specialist literature; many of the chemical substances presumably responsible for this are unknown. As with all drugs , their concentration in biological material can sometimes fluctuate. In addition, the effectiveness of G. lucidum preparations can be impaired if they are confused with other closely related species . The mushroom spores are also used.
Due to its frequent use as a medicinal remedy, especially for neurotic diseases and as a tonic , G. lucidum is also grown as a cultivated mushroom . The Chinese name Ling Zhi means "spirit plant", other common Chinese names are "mushroom of immortality", "ten thousand years mushroom", and "herb of spiritual power". In China it is also regarded as the "king of medicinal herbs" and is used as a medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine . There it is considered equal to ginseng ( Panax ginseng ). The mushroom has probably been used as a tonic in China for thousands of years .
The Shiny Lackporling is mentioned in numerous legends and used to serve as a talisman . It was hung in buildings to prevent accidents.
Synonyms and other names
- Ganoderma atkinsonii
Other names by which he is known in alternative medicine circles in Germany are Japanese : Reishi (霊 芝), Korean : Jong Si (actually: ryŏngji 령지 or yeongji 영지 ( 靈芝 )) or Chinese : Ling Zhi ( língzhī灵芝).
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 2: Heterobasidiomycetes (gelatinous mushrooms), Aphyllophorales (non-leaf mushrooms), Gastromycetes (belly mushrooms). Mykologia, Luzern 1986, ISBN 3-85604-020-X .
- P. Schuett; HJ Schuck, HJ; B. Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species. Nikol-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 2002
- Society for Vital Mushroom Science eV: Vital mushrooms . Self-published, ISBN 3-00-018106-7
- Jan Lelley: The healing power of mushrooms . ECON, Düsseldorf, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-430-15953-9 .
- Christopher Hobbs: Medicinal Mushrooms . Botanica Press, Santa Cruz 2003, ISBN 1-57067-143-5 .
- Frank-Daniel Schulten: Ling Zhi. King of medicinal mushrooms . Windpferd Verlagsgesellschaft 2003 (1st edition) ISBN 978-3-89385-433-2 . 88 pages.
swell
- ↑ Ganoderma lingzhi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): the scientific binomial for the widely cultivated medicinal fungus Lingzhi. October 23, 2017, accessed on August 6, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c Paterson RR: Ganoderma - a therapeutic fungal biofactory. . In: Phytochemistry . 67, 2006, pp. 1985-2001. doi : 10.1002 / chin.200650268 .
- ↑ The Chinese Medicinal Mushroom Reishi Ling Zhi Description of Reishi as a medicinal mushroom, accessed on September 4, 2016
- ↑ A gift from creation: The Reishi medicinal mushroom article in Lebe 03/2013 (pdf, 6 pages), accessed on September 4, 2016
- ↑ Rita Lüder: Basic course mushroom determination. A practical guide for beginners and advanced users . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01341-1 . P. 338
Web links
- Ethnomedico.com Applications of Lackporling in Chinese Medicine
- [1] image
- [2] Description in English
- [3] The glossy Lackporling in Tom Volk's Fungus of the month