Fluridon

Structural formula
General
Surname	Fluridon
other names	1-methyl-3-phenyl-5- [3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -4-pyridinone ( IUPAC ); Brake; EL-171; Pride; sonar;
Molecular formula	C 19 H 14 F 3 NO
Brief description	white crystals
External identifiers / databases
EC number	261-916-6
ECHA InfoCard	100.056.269
PubChem	43079
Wikidata	Q1434245
properties
Molar mass	329.32 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	155 ° C
Vapor pressure	1.3 · 10 −5 Pa (25 ° C)
solubility	practically insoluble in water (12 mg l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 311-411
	P: 273-280-312
Toxicological data	> 250 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , cat , oral ) ; > 500 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , dog , oral ) ; > 500 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rabbit , transdermal ) ; > 2 g kg −1 ( LD 50 , quail , oral ) ; > 10 g kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral ) ; > 10 g kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ; > 2130 mg m −3 / h ( LD 50 , rat , inh. ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Fluridon is an organic fluorine-containing compound from the class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles that is used as a herbicide . The herbicide works by inhibiting phytoene desaturase in the carotenoid biosynthesis.

Fluridon also inhibits the formation of the phytohormone abscisic acid .

history

Fluridon was introduced in 1977 by Elanco (now Dow AgroSciences ).

use

Fluridon is used as a selective, systemic herbicide to control annual plants such as grasses and also aquatic plants (aquatic weeds ) in ponds and lakes.

Admission

No plant protection products containing this active ingredient are permitted in the EU or Switzerland .

Toxicology and Medical Side Effects

Fluridon is highly toxic to mammals such as cats, dogs, rabbits and birds such as quail , and less toxic to rats and humans.

Researchers have discovered that abscisic acid is also found in the causative agent of toxoplasmosis . This is dangerous for unborn children if their mothers become infected with the pathogen during pregnancy . Fluridon can therefore also hinder the development of the toxoplasmosis pathogen Toxoplasma gondii . Although the pathogen is not killed, it changes into a permanent inactive state.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Entry on Fluridon. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 12, 2014.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Donald Mackay , Wan Ying Shiu, Kuo-Ching Ma, Sum Chi Lee: Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Vol IV: Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Compounds and Pesticides. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2006, ISBN 1-56670-687-4 , p. 3596.
↑ ^a ^b Fluridon data sheet at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 18, 2017 ( PDF ).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pesticide Manual . Vol. 9, 1991, p. 418.

↑ D. Hartley, H. Kidd (Eds.): Agrochemicals Handbook, with updates. Vol. A582, Royal Soc of Chemistry, Nottingham 1983-1986, p. 1985.

↑ MA Hossain, S. Munemasa, M. Uraji, Y. Nakamura, IC Mori, Y. Murata: Involvement of endogenous abscisic acid in methyl jasmonate-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. In: Plant Physiology . Volume 156, Number 1, May 2011, pp. 430-438, ISSN 1532-2548 . doi: 10.1104 / pp.111.172254 . PMID 21402795 . PMC 3091061 (free full text).

↑ General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Fluridone in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 26, 2016.

↑ Weedkiller paralyzes dangerous parasites. on: welt.de , January 9, 2008.

[roempp-1] Entry on Fluridon. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 12, 2014.

[mackay-2] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Donald Mackay , Wan Ying Shiu, Kuo-Ching Ma, Sum Chi Lee: Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Vol IV: Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Compounds and Pesticides. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2006, ISBN 1-56670-687-4 , p. 3596.

[Sigma-3] Fluridon data sheet at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 18, 2017 ( PDF ).

[pm-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Pesticide Manual . Vol. 9, 1991, p. 418.

[5] D. Hartley, H. Kidd (Eds.): Agrochemicals Handbook, with updates. Vol. A582, Royal Soc of Chemistry, Nottingham 1983-1986, p. 1985.

[6] MA Hossain, S. Munemasa, M. Uraji, Y. Nakamura, IC Mori, Y. Murata: Involvement of endogenous abscisic acid in methyl jasmonate-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. In: Plant Physiology . Volume 156, Number 1, May 2011, pp. 430-438, ISSN 1532-2548 . doi: 10.1104 / pp.111.172254 . PMID 21402795 . PMC 3091061 (free full text).

[7] General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Fluridone in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 26, 2016.

[8] Weedkiller paralyzes dangerous parasites. on: welt.de , January 9, 2008.