Francis Daniels Moore

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Francis Daniels Moore (born April 17, 1913 in Evanston , Illinois , † November 24, 2001 in Westwood , Massachusetts ) was an American surgeon .

Life

Moore grew up in Illinois and Wyoming , studied at Harvard University ( bachelor's degree in 1935 cum laude in anthropology) and there made his MD degree from Harvard Medical School cum laude in 1939 . After completing his internship, residency at Massachusetts General Hospital , where he was Chief Resident in Surgery from 1942 ( he did not have to do military service because of chronic asthma ), he began his research on metabolism and its influence on surgical treatment with examinations in in nuclear medicine with Joseph C. Aub . He was head of surgery at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston from 1948 at the age of 34 and Moseley professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School.

He remained chief of surgery at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital until 1976, but remained active there and was professor at Harvard Medical School until 1981, where he was director of surgery. At Harvard Medical School he was known as a charismatic teacher and regularly presented one of his patients to the students in a special clinic lecture on Saturday mornings . He remained scientifically and publicly active into old age.

plant

Transplants

The first kidney transplant (on identical twins) was carried out there in 1954 under Moore's direction. He worked there with the chief physician George Thorn, who introduced the then new dialysis methods from Willem Kolff . Under the direction of surgeon David Hume, who had previously experimented with kidney transplants on dogs, there were initially several failures in kidney transplants in humans, and all patients died within a few weeks from rejection reactions. After Hume began his service in the US Navy, Moore commissioned surgeon Joseph Murray (von Moore originally hired to develop plastic surgery) to continue the experiments, and in 1954 a successful operation on identical twins was successful. In unrelated donor patients, Murray did not succeed in the first such transplant until 1962, after suitable immunosuppressants had been developed (azathioprine). In 1963 Moore was therefore on the cover of Time Magazine . Murray later received the Nobel Prize.

In 1963 Moore also tried liver transplants, as did Thomas E. Starzl at the University of Colorado. That was unsuccessful at the time and he gave it up. The development of the methods for this was continued by Starzl and Roy Calne .

Other focal points

As head of surgery, he was responsible for a number of innovative innovations at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, in addition to the development of transplant medicine, for example in hormone treatment for breast cancer patients. In the 1960s, Moore also expanded heart valve surgery under Dwight Harken at his clinic.

In addition to the first kidney transplant, he was known for a number of other surgical innovations. He improved wound treatment for burns. He had his decisive experience in 1942. After some of the more than 100 severely burned patients from a fire at the Cocoanut Grove Night Club were admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital on November 28, 1942, the surgeon Oliver Cope treated them with a new therapy, sterile gauze bandages soaked in petroleum. He achieved good results with this, in contrast to the then usual treatment with tannic acid , where 30 percent of the severely burned people admitted to the Boston City Hospital died.

Moore was a pioneer in the use of nuclear medicine methods, including determining the water content of the body and other substances in the body through the use of radioactive isotopes. Connected with this were his investigations from the late 1940s on the pre- and post-treatment of patients in surgery, which were reflected in his textbook The metabolic care of surgical patient . They also changed surgical practice by placing more emphasis on the patient's physiology (e.g. electrolyte concentration, abnormalities in hormone levels).

Honors and Public Service

In 1978 he received the Lister Medal . He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1952), the National Academy of Sciences (1981) and the American Philosophical Society (1998). At times he was Associate Editor of the New England Journal of Medicine .

In 1997, he launched a campaign with former dean of Harvard Business School, John H. McArthur , to monitor health insurance in the US along the lines of the SEC . From 1970 to 1975 he was in charge of an investigation into the state of surgery in the USA (SOSSUS, Study on Surgical Services of the United States) on behalf of the American Surgical Association and the American College of Surgeons . He was also several years advisor to the general staff physician ( surgeon general ) of the US Army and had been in the Korean War helped to improve the treatment of the wounded, as he helped solve the mystery of potassium poisoning among the wounded, had been given the outdated blood units. From 1976 to 1983 he was on the council of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Moore also advised NASA and the National Institutes of Health .

Private

He was married to Laura Benton Bartlett in 1935 until her death in a car accident in 1988, and in 1990 he was married to Katharyn Watson Saltonstall. He had five children from his first marriage, of whom the son Francis D. Moore Jr. was also a surgeon at Brigham and Woman's Hospital.

Moore also performed his own pieces at the Tavern Club in Boston for several years. Already during his student days at Harvard he excelled in this regard as President of the Harvard Lampoon and the Hasty Pudding Society.

Fonts

  • A miracle and a privilege. Recounting a half century of surgical advance , Washington DC, Joseph Henry Press, 1995 (autobiography)
  • The metabolic care of surgical patient , Philadelphia, Saunders 1959
  • Give and take. The development of tissue transplantation , Philadelphia, Saunders 1964, new edition as Transplant: the give and take of tissue transplantation , Simon and Schuster 1972, German translation Transplantation. History and development up to the present day , Springer, Heidelberger Taschenbücher 1970
  • with Andrew Jessiman Carcinoma of the breast; the study and treatment of the patient , Boston, Little, Brown and Comp., 1956
  • with others: The body cell mass and its supporting environment; body composition in health and disease , Philadelphia, Saunders 1963
  • with Margaret R. Ball The metabolic response to surgery , Springfield, Illinois, C. Thomas 1952

literature

  • Judah Folkman in Biographical Memoirs National Academy of Sciences, 2006

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Obituary by Folkman in Biogr. Memoirs Nat. Acad. 2006
personal data
SURNAME Moore, Francis Daniels
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American surgeon
DATE OF BIRTH April 17, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Evanston , Illinois
DATE OF DEATH November 24, 2001
Place of death Westwood , Massachusetts