Frankfurter Strasse (Heilbronn)

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Frankfurter Strasse (Heilbronn)
coat of arms
Street in Heilbronn
Frankfurter Strasse (Heilbronn)
Eastern end of Frankfurter Strasse with Neckarturm on Kurt-Schumacher-Platz
Basic data
place Heilbronn
Created before 1300
Hist. Names via regis, Königsweg, Alte Hällische Strasse
Cross streets Weststrasse and Olgastrasse
Places Kaiser-Friedrich-Platz
Buildings Shooting house, slaughterhouse, dairy farm
use
User groups Motor traffic , pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic

The Frankfurter Straße is a street in Heilbronn . It goes back to an old long-distance path that once led to the Neckar Bridge as a western entrance to the city. Today it is a partially traffic-calmed side street, which is only open to pedestrians both in the area of ​​the shooting house and at its eastern confluence with Bahnhofstraße .

History, historical and current course

Frankfurter Strasse was part of an old Franconian royal road that , coming from Frankfurt am Main , led as " Alte Hällische Strasse " from Heilbronn to Schwäbisch Hall . Coming from the west, the original street could once have run in a straight line across a Neckar ford towards the gate of the Deutschhof . At the latest with the change in river conditions due to the Neckar privilege of 1333, there was probably no ford and the way into the city led over the Neckar Bridge, which is a little further north, which would explain the bend to the north in the road near the Neckar.

The fortification of the street and the development of the plots go back to the emergence of the station suburb in the course of the 19th century. In 1834 there were mainly gardens along the road. The shooting house was far outside of the rest of the buildings and west of the Neckar the street from its bend to the north passed the city's Zimmerplatz and a few surrounding buildings. In 1858 the buildings in front of the bridge gate had become thicker. With the expansion of Bahnhofstrasse in 1877, Frankfurter Strasse soon took a back seat in terms of its importance for traffic. It got its current name before 1879. The road between the Schießhaus and Neckarbrücke was continuously built up until 1900. After severe damage from the air raids on Heilbronn in World War II , today's streetscape is mainly characterized by multi-storey residential and commercial buildings from the second half of the 20th century.

Today's Frankfurter Strasse begins, initially as a footpath, at Kurt-Schumacher-Platz or Bahnhofstrasse. It leads initially to the southwest, then west to Theresienwiese . There it joins the road running east along Theresienwiese, which is called Theresienstrasse south of this junction and Hafenstrasse north of the junction. A few hundred meters from Theresienwiese, Bahnhofstrasse joins Frankfurter Strasse at the Alte Milchhof . Cross streets of Frankfurter Strasse are Olgastrasse, Mozartstrasse and Weststrasse (K 9557). The Frankfurter Straße at the shooting house is a pure footpath and therefore not continuously passable.

Development

Frankfurter Str. 3

The Capitol cinema was located at Frankfurter Straße 3 from 1955 to 1973 .

Frankfurter Str. 9

The Gasthaus zum Ritter was located at Frankfurter Strasse 9 and 9a. The owner was the landlord David Gumbrecht. The Mannheimer family later became the owners. The city ​​of Heilbronn wanted to acquire the house aryanized in 1938 ; But in 1941 it became the property of the Reich Treasury. From 1952 to 1960 there was a refund procedure.

Frankfurter Str. 18

history

House Louis Marx ( the secular building , 1907)
Gravestone Hannchen and Louis Marx in the Jewish cemetery Roermond, which is considered a cultural heritage with its gravestones ("begraafplaats als cultureel erfgoed" "Nieuwe Joodse begraafplaats Roermond [...] cultureel erfgoed").

At Frankfurter Str. 18 there was a house built in 1906 based on designs by Emil Beutinger and Adolf Steiner .

The gable facade was oriented towards Kaiser-Friedrich-Platz and was significantly shaped by a central console bay window with onion roof crowning , which extended over two storeys. In the basement there were shops, the large shop windows with round arches loosening up the massive architectural structure of the rest of the architecture. The shop windows were each flanked by an entrance with a round arch. The building was shown in the trade journal Der Profanbau in 1907 . In addition, in 1909 there was a reception in Das Deutsche Haus II. Series , where, in addition to a colored photograph, elevations from the side and from the front as well as floor plans of various floors are shown on panels 25 and 26.

The client was Louis (Lewi) Marx (born September 8, 1873 in Heilbronn; died July 23, 1943 in Sobibor). The address book of the city of Heilbronn am Neckar 1938/39 noted for Frankfurter Straße 18: “Marx Ludwig, Kaufmann (1st floor) - Huber & Bierhalter, vorm. Marx, Emil ohG, Metzgereiartikel - Bierhalter, Ludwig, Kaufmann (2.0G) - Rieker, Karl, Kaufmann (3rd floor). “Marx Ludwig was the owner. On December 28, 1938, he had to sell the building at Frankfurter Strasse 18 and 18a to the city of Heilbronn. The value of the house was 75,000 Reichsmarks , but he had to sell it for 55,000 Reichsmarks because of the so-called Aryanization in the Third Reich. In 1948 there was a reimbursement procedure for the property at Frankfurter Strasse 18 and 18a, which was concluded in 1966 through a settlement. It was arranged by the two sons who were the beneficiaries of the house at Frankfurter Strasse 18: Herbert Leo Marx and Martin Marx. The area is currently being built over according to a design by Endemann Architects (as of 2015).

Use of the house

The house was used as a business for intestinal u. Spice wholesalers and butcher's supplies used by Emil Marx & Co. OHG, founded in 1905. The Jewish company was active nationwide. The clientele extended to places in numerous cities in the area of ​​today's German federal states Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria . The Jewish company Emil Marx & Co. was sold to Huber & Bierhalter on February 28, 1938 as part of the Aryanization process. The chronicle of the city of Heilbronn noted for Thursday, March 15, 1945: "The goods issue of the casing wholesaler Huber & Bierhalter (previously Frankfurter Strasse 18 and 18a) takes place at Tiroler Strasse 10." Some tin cans from Emil Marx & Co, wholesaler for spices, casings and butcher's supplies and Eisig & Marx are exhibited in the Heilbronn House of City History .

Frankfurter Str. 26

The house at Frankfurter Straße 26 (1885–1913) was built according to a design by Hermann Maute & Theodor Moosbrugger . It belonged to Emil Marx and, after his death, to his widow Fanny Marc. She left the house to her two sons Ludwig Marx and Benno Marx. Rebuilt in the post-war period, the house was demolished in 1974 in favor of the new Volksfürsorge AG building .

Frankfurter Str. 38

The Gasthof zum Kaiser Friedrich was located at Frankfurter Strasse 38. The building belonged to Berta Schmidt.

Frankfurter Str. 65

The listed shooting house is located at Frankfurter Str. 65 , built in 1769/1771 according to designs by the master builder Johann Christoph Keller with stucco work by Johann Sigismund Hezel and paintings by Sebastian Holzhey.

  • Shooting house in Heilbronn

  • Portal inscription dated 1771

  • Pavilion at the shooting house

Frankfurter Str. 66

At Frankfurter Strasse 66 - at the corner of Bahnhofstrasse, there was a half-timbered house in the historicism style from 1887 to 1972 , which was used as a tax watch house (later as a consumption tax station).

Frankfurter Str. 75

The old milk farm was built in 1925 according to the plans of the municipal building department under city building officer G. Scherer.

  • Dairy farm, decor

  • Dairy farm, decor

  • Dairy farm, decor

  • Dairy farm, decor

Frankfurter Str. 83/85

The old slaughterhouse is located at Frankfurter Str. 83/85 , which was built in the neo-renaissance style in 1880/1898 according to plans by the Heilbronn municipal building department . The building complex consists of three listed buildings: the restaurant, the cattle slaughterhouse and an office and residential building that housed the veterinary office. In the post-war period, the city's Schlachthof restaurant was run by Christian Schaich from 1945 to 1959. From 1960 to 1965 the restaurant was run by Luise and Karl Schaich. From 1965 Max and Gertrud Altmannshofer ran the restaurant and later acquired the building in 1971. Oliver Altmannshofer, who ran this restaurant in the third generation, sold the listed building to the Academy for Communication (AfK) Baden-Württemberg. The academy has owned the slaughterhouse since 1993. After the construction work, the new location of the IFH Academy should be in the building from autumn 2012.

  • Large cattle slaughterhouse

  • Large cattle slaughterhouse and office and residential building in which the veterinary office was located

  • Slaughterhouse is being restored. The restaurant as a porch has since been demolished.

  • Slaughterhouse restaurant at Frankfurter Straße 83 in Heilbronn, built between 1880 and 1898

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heim: Heilbronn's oldest bridge and oldest gate . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . tape 20 , no. 3 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn March 9, 1974, p. 1 .
  2. ↑ Willi Zimmermann: The first city plans as the basis for the city expansion of Heilbronn in the 19th century in the Heilbronn Historical Association. 22nd publication , Heilbronn 1957, p. 180
  3. ↑ Helmut Schmolz: Thoughts on the Heilbronn cityscape . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . No. 5 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn May 11, 1968, p. II .
  4. ↑ Werner Heim: The development of the city of Heilbronn - New results of the topographical research of the city center. In: Heilbronn Historical Association. 25. Publication. Heilbronn 1966. pp. 51-72, v. a. Fig. P. 53.
  5. ↑ Gerhard Schwinghammer and Reiner Makowski: Die Heilbronner Strasseennamen , Tübingen 2005, p. 71.
  6. ↑ Call number A034-1614 in the HEUSS database (Frankfurter Straße 18 and 18/1, facade design of the new building in 1906 by Beutinger & Steiner)
  7. ↑ Signature B033-461 in the HEUSS database (refund procedure for the property at Frankfurter Strasse 18 and 18a; template: Louis Marx)
  8. ↑ Call number A034-1608 in the HEUSS database (site plan Frankfurter Straße 18)
  9. ↑ Buildings by architects Beutinger & Steiner, BDA, Darmstadt – Heilbronn. In: Profanbau. Magazine for commercial, industrial and transport buildings. No. 19, October 1, 1907, pp. 285 ff.
  10. ↑ Call number D079-94 in the HEUSS database (panels 25 and 26 from: Das Deutsche Haus II. Series [1906–1910])
  11. ↑ Data from Louis and Hannchen Marx geb. Rothschild at www.steinheim-institut.de.
  12. ↑ Data from Louis Marx (Sobibor concentration camp) on db.yadvashem.org.
  13. ^ Data from Ludwig Marx on Bundesarchiv.de
  14. ^ Address book of the city of Heilbronn am Neckar 1938/39, III 40.
  15. ↑ Development of the ENDEMANN ARCHITEKTEN design .
  16. ↑ Emil Marx & Co. OHG on landesarchiv-bw.de: “Heilbronn, Oct. 15, 1931 Items delivered directly that were assembled by us but were mistakenly not registered for sales tax. 1928 January to July 3 […] 1928 from. July 4th to December [...] 1929 "
  17. ^ Emil Marx & Co. OHG on landesarchiv-bw.de: "Heilbronn, Oct. 15, 1931 [...] continued from 1929 [...] 1930."
  18. ↑ Susanne Schlösser: Chronicle of the City HN 1939–1945, Heilbronn 2004, p. 334.
  19. ^ Marx, Emil & Co. OHG; Intestinal u. Spice wholesale; Butcher's supplies (Heilbronn)  in the German Digital Library
  20. ↑ Eisig & Marx; Spices and Casing import owner: Eisig, Hermann; Marx, Willy Headquarters: Heilbronn  in the German Digital Library
  21. ^ Emil Marx & Co. OHG on landesarchiv-bw.de
  22. ↑ Signature ZS-772 in the HEUSS database (invoice from Marx, Emil & Co; Darmhandlung, 1930)
  23. ↑ Signature E003-287 in the HEUSS database (tin cans from Emil Marx & Co, wholesaler for spices, casings and butcher's supplies and Eisig & Marx)
  24. ↑ Call number A034-211 in the HEUSS database (Frankfurter Straße 26 or 26 a, 1885–1913, Elias or Emil Marx, rear building)
  25. ^ Julius Fekete , Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Stadtkreis Heilbronn . (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.5.). Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 90 .
  26. ^ Julius Fekete , Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Stadtkreis Heilbronn . (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.5.). Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 91 .
  27. ↑ Joachim Friedl: Heilbronner Gaststätte Schlachthof closes its doors. Heilbronn - In the traditional Schlachthof restaurant on Frankfurter Straße, the kitchen stays cold forever. Where the Altmannshofer gastronomy family has served their guests for more than four decades, young people are expected to go to school from autumn 2012 . In: Heilbronn voice . November 5, 2010 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on May 5, 2012]).
  28. ↑ Kilian Krauth: Heilbronner Schlachthof becomes a private school (02/13/2010) Heilbronn - The Heilbronn slaughterhouse, built in 1880, was closed in 1993. Now a completely new chapter begins here. It becomes a private school . In: Heilbronn voice . February 14, 2010 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on May 5, 2012]).

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 27.8 ″  N , 9 ° 12 ′ 33 ″  E