Franz Kielhorn

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Franz Kielhorn (born May 31, 1840 in Osnabrück , † March 19, 1908 in Göttingen ) was a German Indologist who researched in particular in the areas of Sanskrit grammar and Indian epigraphy .

Life

The Kielhorn family moved to Bernburg in 1843 , where Franz Kielhorn attended the Herzogliche Carls-Gymnasium. After graduating from high school, he began studying philology at the Georg-August University in Göttingen in the winter semester of 1858/59 , where he joined the Hanover fraternity . He later continued his studies at the universities of Breslau and Berlin , focusing on Indology; his academic teachers included the Breslau indologist Adolf Friedrich Stenzler and his Berlin colleague Albrecht Weber . After completing his doctorate , Kielhorn worked from 1862 to 1865 in Oxford as a collaborator on the dictionary project of the Sanskrit-English Dictionary by Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1819-1899).

On the mediation of the Oxford Sanskritist Friedrich Max Müller , Kielhorn went to India in 1866 , where he taught as a professor for oriental languages ​​at the Deccan College in Poona until 1881 and was also the head of the college for a while. In 1881 he was appointed to the chair of Indology at the University of Göttingen, where he stayed until his death. In 1882 he was accepted into the Royal Society of Sciences . In addition, he was a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich since 1874 , of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin since 1880 and of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna since 1907 .

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In the tradition of his teacher Stenzler, Kielhorn dealt intensively with the grammar of Sanskrit and expanded his knowledge from 1866 with the help of leading Indian scholars. In 1870 he published a Sanskrit grammar in English, which was also translated into German by Wilhelm Solf in 1888 , has remained fundamental to this day and has seen numerous new editions in both languages.

Together with Georg Bühler , he founded the Bombay Sanskrit Series during his time in India and, with his critical text editions and annotated translations published there, such as the Mahābhāşya or Paribhāşenduçekhara , set fundamental standards for the systematic historical-philological research of ancient Indian Sanskrit manuscripts and theirs chronological indexing. In doing so, he was able to partially fall back on library holdings in India that had previously been closed to Western research. After Bühler's death in 1898, he also took over the supervision of his Encyclopedia of Indo-Aryan Research .

After his return from India, Kielhorn devoted himself in Göttingen to working on the extensive epigraphic material, some of which he had collected himself and some of which had been sent. He published his research results mostly in English, especially in the Epigraphia Indica and Indian Antiquary series . His numerous individual studies on a total of more than 250 inscriptions and their dates also provided extensive material on questions of Indian metrics , palaeography and chronology .

One of Kielhorn's Göttingen students was Heinrich Lüders , who continued his teacher's epigraphic research.

According to Paul Thieme, Kielhorn's pioneering scientific merit lies in the “cooperation of historically and philologically trained Western and Indian scholarship that is deeply rooted in the learned tradition of their holy language”.

Awards

In 1887 the British Queen Victoria , at that time also Empress of India, awarded him the award of a “Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire ” in recognition of his work in India . In 1897, Kaiser Wilhelm II granted him the title of "Privy Councilor". Kielhorn was also a bearer of the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, 4th class . In 1901 he was awarded an honorary doctorate (Doctor of Laws; LL.D.) by the University of Glasgow , and in 1902 an honorary doctorate (Doctor of Letters; D.Litt.) By the University of Oxford .

Fonts (selection)

Text editions

  • Çāntanava's Phitsūtra. With various Indian commentaries, introduction, translation and notes. Leipzig 1866 (Treatises of the German Oriental Society, Volume IV).
  • The Paribhāşenduçekhara of Nāgojibhatta. Two volumes, Bombay 1868/1874 (Bombay Sanskrit Series)
  • The Vyākarana-mahābhāşya of Patanjali. Three volumes, Bombay 1880–1885; second edition Bombay 1892–1909 (Bombay Sanskrit Series)

Monographs

  • A Grammar of the Sanskrit language. Bombay 1870
    • German edition: Grammar of the Sanskrit language. Translated from English by Wilhelm Solf , Berlin 1888, sanskritweb.net (PDF). (numerous reprints, most recently in 2003.)
  • Kātyāyana and Patañjali. Their relation to each other and to Pānini. Bombay 1876.
  • Report on the search for Sanskrit manuscripts in the Bombay Presidency during the years 1880-81. Bombay 1881.

Small fonts

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Kielhorn . In: Theodor Westrin (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 13 : Johan – Kikare . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1910, Sp. 1487 (Swedish, runeberg.org ). , and Brockhaus Conversations-Lexikon , 13th completely revised edition, Volume 10, Leipzig 1885, p. 264, with full name Lorenz Franz Kielhorn ; The middle name is not mentioned in recent literature and manual entries.
  2. ^ Henning Tegtmeyer : Directory of members of the fraternity Hannovera zu Göttingen 1848-1998 . Self-published, Düsseldorf 1998, p. 32.
  3. ^ Franz Kielhorn , members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
  4. ^ Entry by Franz Kielhorn on the website of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (accessed on June 6, 2012)
  5. ↑ Entry in the directory of members (PDF; 345 kB) on the website of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, here p. 29; Retrieved June 6, 2012
  6. ^ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal published by the Asiatic Society of Bengal
  7. ^ Paul Thieme :  Franz Kielhorn. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , p. 578 f. ( Digitized version )., Here p. 579.
  8. ↑ a b Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State for the year 1898 . Berlin 1897, p. 540.
  9. ^ Glasgow University jubilee . In: The Times , June 14, 1901, p. 10
  10. ^ University intelligence . In: The Times , June 9, 1902, p. 12
personal data
SURNAME Kielhorn, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kielhorn, Lorenz Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Indologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 31, 1840
PLACE OF BIRTH Osnabrück
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1908
Place of death Goettingen