Button herbs
| Button herbs | ||||||||||||
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Hairy button herb ( Galinsoga quadriradiata ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Galinsoga | ||||||||||||
| Ruiz & Pav. |
The button herbs ( Galinsoga ), colloquially French herb called, are a genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The scientific generic name is reminiscent of Ignacio Mariano Martinez de Galinsoga (1766–1797), personal physician of the Spanish court and founder of the Botanical Garden of Madrid.
description
In Galinsoga TYPES is often only small, one-year herbaceous plants that reach depending on the type plant height 2-62 cm. The constantly against the stem arranged distributed leaves are stalked and simple. The leaf margins are smooth to serrated. Leaf surfaces are hairy to varying degrees.
The usually small cup-shaped inflorescences are grouped in branched overall inflorescences . The six to nine, rarely up to 16 bracts are usually in two, rarely three rows. The inflorescence base is conical. The chaff leaves are retained or quickly perish. The flower heads usually contain five, sometimes three to eight, rarely none to 15 ray-florets and usually five to 50 and rarely up to 150 tubular florets . The female, fertile ray florets are relatively short and white to pink or purple in color with tongues that end with up to three corolla lobes. The yellow tubular flowers are hermaphroditic and fertile. The anthers are yellow.
The pappus of the achenes is small and consists of five to twenty white or gray scales and is barely recognizable or missing.
Systematics and distribution
The range of the genus Galinsoga are tropical and subtropical areas of the New World ( Neotropic ). However, some species have been carried away by humans all over the world ( neophytes ).
The genus Galinsoga today belongs to the tribe Millerieae in the subfamily of the Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The genus Galinsoga was first published in 1794 by Hipólito Ruiz López & José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez in Florae peruvianae et chilensis prodromus ... , 110, plate 24. Synonyms for Galinsoga Ruiz & Pav. Are Adventina Raf. and Stemmatella Wedd. ex Benth.
Depending on the opinion, there are 10 to more than 33 types of Galinsoga . Two very similar species occur worldwide and also in Central Europe as neophytes , they are often unpopular " weeds " even with gardeners :
- Hairy button herb , ciliate button herb or shaggy French herb ( Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón , Syn . : Adventina ciliata Raf. , Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) SFBlake )
- Small-flowered button herb or small-flowered French herb ( Galinsoga parviflora Cav. )
According to Canne (1977), other species of the genus are:
- Galinsoga formosa Canne : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Oaxaca .
- Galinsoga elata Canne : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Querétaro .
- Galinsoga durangensis (Longpre) Canne : It occurs in the Mexican states of Sinaloa and Durango.
- Galinsoga mollis McVaugh : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Jalisco .
- Galinsoga filiformis Hemsl. : It occurs in the Mexican states of Sinaloa and Durango.
- Galinsoga longipes Canne : It occurs in western and central Mexico.
- Galinsoga triradiata Canne : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Michoacán .
- Galinsoga caligensis Canne : It occurs in coastal Peru at altitudes between 70 and 600 meters.
- Galinsoga boliviensis Canne : It occurs in Bolivia in the province of Oropeza at altitudes of about 2850 meters.
- Galinsoga subdiscoidea Cronquist : It occurs in the Mexican state of Durango in the Sierre Madre Occidental at altitudes of about 2950 meters.
- Galinsoga mandonii Sch.Bip. : It occurs in Peru, Bolivia and northwestern Argentina at altitudes between 2000 and 4300 meters.
- Galinsoga glandulosa Canne : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Querétaro .
Since then, the following have been newly described:
- Galinsoga macrocephala H.Rob. : The species first described in 1979 occurs in Venezuela.
- Galinsoga amboensis D.L.Schulz : The species first described in 1984 occurs in Peru.
- Galinsoga spellenbergii B.L.Turner : The 1985 first described species occurs in Mexico.
- Galinsoga crozierae Panero : The species first described in 2003 occurs in the Mexican state of Durango .
Web links
swell
literature
- Judith M. Canne: A revision of the genus Galinsoga (Compositae: Heliantheae) . In: Rhodora, vol. 79, p. 319-389, 1977.
- Judith M. Canne-Hilliker: Galinsoga in the Flora of North America , Volume 21, p. 180: Online.
- Entry at GRIN.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ^ A b Galinsoga in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Hansgeorg Molitor The hereditary enemy in the garden. Historical notes on French herb (Galinsoga parviflora) in Open Structure , editors Fritz Nies and Henning Krauss, Gunter Narr Verlag (1994), pp. 347-356