Women in Azerbaijan

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Leyla Mammadbeyova , a national heroine

This article deals with the social situation of women in Azerbaijan . According to the law, women are equal to men in Azerbaijan ; however, social discrimination is still to be found.

politics

Universal suffrage was introduced in Azerbaijan in 1919 by the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic . Azerbaijan thus became the first predominantly Muslim country to give women the right to vote.

Several women have been represented in higher political positions since 2007. Women are not legally restricted in their political activity. In the last general election in 2015, 21 women were elected to the 125-seat parliament. Between 2005 and 2015, the proportion of women in parliament rose from 11% to 17%.

In 2017, Mehriban Aliyeva , the wife of President İlham Əliyev , was appointed Vice President of the country. She is thus in the highest office held by a woman since the abolition of the position of State Secretary in 1994, which was last held by Lala Shovkat .

labour market

Although the majority of Azerbaijani women are employed, they are rarely represented in higher positions in the labor market, especially in management positions. In 2017, 78.1% of all teaching staff (including 51.9% university lecturers), 64.9% of the medical staff and 40.2% of all professional athletes were women. At the same time, however, only 28.7% of women were employed as civil servants and 20.9% as registered business owners.

military

Leyla Mammadbeyova , born in Baku , became one of the first Soviet female aviators and paratroopers in 1931 . About 600,000 people born in Azerbaijan fought for the Red Army during World War II . 10,000 of these were women who had volunteered and performed both military and medical service. The most famous were the sniper Ziba Ganiyeva and the pilot Zuleykha Seiydmammadova . During the Nagorno-Karabakh War in the 1990s, 2,000 out of a total of 74,000 military personnel were women, and 600 of them were actively participating in military operations.

Military service in Azerbaijan is voluntary for women and around 1,000 women are currently serving in the Azerbaijani army.

religion

Although Azerbaijan is a secular state, certification and registration are required to perform religious ceremonies. Muslim women can graduate to become murschida and lead all-women meetings; this is a local tradition that goes back centuries. In 2016 there was a Lutheran pastor in Azerbaijan.

Domestic violence

In 2000 Azerbaijan signed the UN Optional Protocol CEDAW . In this way, the competence of the committee to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women is recognized and complaints by individuals or groups in this regard should be enabled and supported.

Rape is a criminal offense in Azerbaijan and is punished with a maximum of 15 years imprisonment. In 2010, the Azerbaijani parliament passed a law on the prevention of domestic violence , making all forms of domestic violence, including marital rape, legally punishable. However, in Azerbaijan these acts are not viewed as a crime by many people and women are not encouraged to report against marital rape.

In 2011, parliamentarians and the chairwoman of the Committee on Women and Children intensified their efforts to combat domestic violence. Increased media reports also increased awareness of this topic. The new 2010 law provides a framework for investigating domestic violence complaints, defines a process for issuing injunctions, and calls for the establishment of a refuge and rehabilitation center for victims. However, society's attitudes are lagging behind: in a 2012 survey, 40% of Azerbaijanis agreed that women should endure domestic violence to keep families together, and 22% said that beating women was justified in certain circumstances. When the National Committee on Women's Problems was renamed the National Committee on Family, Women and Children Affairs (SCFWCA) in 2006, it was criticized for portraying women as a 'reproductive unit' rather than as independent individuals.

prostitution

In Azerbaijan, prostitution is not a crime, but an administrative offense and is punishable by a fine. However, pimping and brothel ownership can be punished with up to six years imprisonment .

Timeline of women's emancipation

year event place
1889 Nigar Shikhlinskaya was the first Azerbaijani woman to complete a higher education Tbilisi
1901 The first Azerbaijani girls 'school and first girls' school in the entire Russian Empire , Empress Alexandra School, was opened. Baku.
1908 Sona Valikhan completed her medical degree in St. Petersburg and became the first Azerbaijani doctor. St. Petersburg
1908 The philanthropist Haida Javanshir founded the first Azerbaijani school where girls and boys were taught together. Kahrizli
1910 The actress Govhar Gaziyeva was the first Azerbaijani woman to be seen on stage. Tbilisi
1911 Khadija Alibeyova published Ishig , the first women's magazine in Azerbaijani . Tbilisi
1912 The first Azerbaijani opera singer, Shovkat Mammadova, made her first stage appearance. Baku
1919 Azerbaijani women were given the right to vote.
1919 Pari Sofiyeva received a seat in the Georgian parliament. She was the first ethnic Azerbaijan woman to be democratically elected. Gardabani
1929 Izzat Orujov was the first Azerbaijani actress to star in a motion picture.
1930 The gynecologist Adila Shahtakhtinskaya became the first Azerbaijani a PhD.
1931 Leyla Mammadbeyova made her first flight, becoming the first Azerbaijani female aviator. Baku
1932 Gamar Almaszadeh, the first Azerbaijani ballerina made her debut in Shakh-Senem . Baku
1938 Ayna Sultanova became the first woman to join the cabinet.
1949 Biologist Valida Tutayug became the first woman to become a member of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan , which was founded in 1945.
1964 Sakina Aliyeva was the first Azerbaijani woman to be elected chairman of Nakhchivan's parliament. Nakhchivan
2007 Manzar Ismayilova became the first Azerbaijani pastor.
2009 Natavan Mirvatova was promoted to major general , the third highest rank in the Azerbaijani military. This is the highest military position ever given to a woman.

Web links

Commons : Women in Azerbaijan  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Azerbaijan (2011) . United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2011). This article contains text from this source, which is public domain .
  2. ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski . Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community . Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-52245-5 , p. 144.
  3. ↑ 2015 Parliamentary Election Results ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2016 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot /pergess.com
  4. ↑ Anar Samadov (www.anarsamadov.net): Statistical database | The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan . The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  5. ↑ Женщины Азербайджана в Великой Отечественной войне
  6. ^ A b First Azerbaijani Woman to Become Major General . Lent.az . March 29, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
  7. ↑ Around 1,000 Women in Azerbaijani Army . Trend.az. August 12, 2014.
  8. ↑ Şeyx Azərbaycanda qadın mollalardan danışdı . Oxu.az . November 25, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  9. ↑ Anar Alizadeh. Azərbaycanda xristianlıq . Elm və təhsil, 2016; p. 241
  10. ↑ Policy Attitudes towards Women in Azerbaijan: Is Equality Part of the Agenda? | Gunda Werner Institute .
  11. ↑ Law of the Azerbaijan Republic "About prevention of domestic violence" ( en )
  12. ↑ http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/uploads/Law%20on%20Prevention%20of%20Domsetic%20Violence%202010.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / sgdatabase.unwomen.org  
  13. ↑ Home . Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  14. ↑ Gender based violence in Azerbaijan .
  15. ↑ CRRC: Deserving to be beaten and tolerating violence: Attitudes towards violence against women in Azerbaijan . March 2, 2015.
  16. ↑ Azerbaijan Soviet Encyclopedia (1987), vol. 10, p. 551.
  17. ↑ The Past Days ( Memento of the original from March 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. by Manaf Suleymanov. 1990 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.azeribook.com
  18. ^ Female Activity at the Turn of the Century . Gender-az.org .
  19. ↑ Megastar and Her Light . An interview with Hamida Javanshir's granddaughter Dr. Mina Davatdarova. Gender-az.org
  20. ↑ Göyərçin xanım . Adam.az .
  21. ↑ Azerbaijani Woman in Historical Retrospective . Gender-az.org .
  22. ↑ Shovkat Mammadova, Audacious Challenge by Fuad Akhundov. Azerbaijan International . Winter 1997 (Retrieved August 26, 2006)
  23. ↑ 7th annual Azerbaijan Adoptive Families Reunion . Azerbaijani Women of America.
  24. ↑ matriarch of Karaiazi - Parikhanim Sofiyeva .
  25. ↑ Izzat Orujova-100 . Bakinsky Rabochy . October 2009.
  26. ↑ Adila Shahtakhtinskaya . Adam.az .
  27. ↑ The Proprietress of the Sky ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. by I.Gadirova. Nash Vek . May 7, 2004. Retrieved June 6, 2007 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / nashvek.media-az.com
  28. ↑ Center Stage: My Life as Azerbaijan's First Ballerina by Gamar Almaszadeh. Azerbaijan International . # 10.3. Autumn 2002
  29. ↑ Hidden Facts about Ayna Sultanova . Deyerler . February 8, 2010.
  30. ↑ Famous Alumni - Valida Tutayug . Azerbaijani State Agricultural University.
  31. ↑ Nakhchivan ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / whp057.narod.ru
  32. ^ First Azerbaijani Female Cleric . Day.az . November 17, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2011.