Fritz Hess

This article deals with the politician Fritz Hess. For other people see Fritz Hess .

Fritz Hess

Fritz Heß (born February 27, 1879 in Dannenfels ; † June 4, 1938 there ) was a German politician ( NSDAP ).

Live and act

The son of a wealthy large farmer attended elementary school and the agricultural winter school in Kirchheimbolanden . From 1899 to 1901 Hess was a member of the 18th Bavarian Infantry Regiment . In 1904 he took over his father's farm in Dannenfels. At the First World War, Hess took from 1914 to 1916 as a company sergeant at the 8th Bavarian reinforcement battalion in part. Because he was unfit for field service, he was assigned to the reserve hospital in Ludwigshafen am Rhein until the end of the war . Hess was married; the marriage resulted in a child.

From 1910 Hess was active in the Bund der Landwirte , an anti - Semitic interest organization in agriculture. Hess saw himself as a supporter of the NSDAP since 1920; he formally joined the party in 1922. Hess, who had been the deputy mayor of Dannenfels since 1914, was elected mayor of the community in 1922 and was thus probably the first National Socialist mayor in Germany. On December 1, 1923, Hess helped with the preparations for an arson attack on a barn in Orbis not far from Dannenfels. The barn was owned by Franz Josef Heinz , the leader of the Palatinate separatists . As mayor, Hess was punished several times for failing to comply with orders from the French occupation authorities and for attacks on officials and Jewish judges who were supposed to be separatist.

During the temporary ban of the NSDAP between November 1923 and spring 1925, Hess was a member of the radical anti-parliamentary, Hitler-loyal Greater German Volksgemeinschaft around Alfred Rosenberg and Julius Streicher . In the Reichstag election in December 1924 , Hess ran unsuccessfully for the National Socialist Freedom Party (NSFP). After the re-admission of the NSDAP, Hess rejoined the party in May 1925 ( membership number 23.814).

In 1926, Hess became the chief editor of the party organ, Der Eisenhammer . In 1927 he was temporarily the deputy of the Palatinate Gauleiter Josef Bürckel , before he was replaced by Ernst Ludwig Leyser . Within the Palatinate NSDAP, Hess was, alongside Ludwig Schickert, the main representative of an anti-Semitic-conservative trend that rivaled a group around Gauleiter Bürckel, which was more oriented towards a “national socialism”. In 1926, Hess rejected the collective membership of the Free Peasantry in the NSDAP, since leading members of this peasant organization such as Franz Josef Heinz were involved in the separatist movement in the Palatinate in 1923 and 1924.

From May 1928 until the dissolution of this body in autumn 1933, Hess was a member of the Bavarian State Parliament . In the nine-member NSDAP parliamentary group between 1928 and 1932, Hess showed "the greatest sense of reality in political matters"; at the same time he was a “fanatical anti-Semite” and the only NSDAP member who had a “cordial relationship” with his group colleague Julius Streicher. From 1928 Heß was a member of the Kirchheimbolanden district council .

After the transfer of power to the National Socialists, Hess was from November 1933 a member of the National Socialist Reichstag for constituency 27 (Rheinpfalz-Saar), which had been deprived of all political decision-making powers . After his death in 1938, Richard Mann replaced Hess. In addition, Heß was a member of the Reichsbauernrat from 1934, a member of the board of the German Municipal Council , a member of the supervisory board of the Bayerische Gemeindebank and, from October 13, 1933, a district farmer leader in Kirchheimbolanden.

literature

• Joachim Lilla , Martin Döring, Andreas Schulz: extras in uniform: the members of the Reichstag 1933–1945. A biographical manual. Including the Volkish and National Socialist members of the Reichstag from May 1924 . Droste, Düsseldorf 2004, ISBN 3-7700-5254-4 , p. 233 f .
• Franz Maier: Biographical organization manual of the NSDAP and its divisions in the area of ​​today's state of Rhineland-Palatinate . (= Publications of the Parliament's Commission for the History of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate , Volume 28) Hase & Koehler, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-7758-1407-2 , pp. 261-263.

Web links

Commons : Fritz Heß  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Fritz Hess in the database of members of the Reichstag
• Fritz Hess in the parliamentary database at the House of Bavarian History
• Entry on Fritz Heß in the Rhineland-Palatinate personal database

Individual evidence

1. ^ Hans Fenske: Parade under the swastika. The Palatinate National Socialists until January 30, 1933. In: Gerhard Nestler, Hannes Ziegler (Hrsg.): The Palatinate under the swastika. A German province during the National Socialist reign of terror. 2nd Edition. Pfälzische Verlagsanstalt, Landau 1997, ISBN 3-87629-253-0 , pp. 11–36, here p. 15.
2. ^ Gerhard graves, Matthias Spindler : The Palatinate Liberators. People's anger and state violence in the armed struggle against Palatinate separatism 1923/24. Pro Message, Ludwigshafen am Rhein 2005, ISBN 3-934845-24-X , p. 35.
3. ↑ Maier, Organization Handbook , p. 262.
4. ↑ Fenske, Aufmarsch , p. 22.
5. ^ Robert Probst: The NSDAP in the Bavarian Parliament 1924-1933. (= Munich studies on modern and recent history , Volume 19) Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-631-32213-5 , pp. 74, 89.