Gryazew-Schipunow GSch-23

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Gryazew-Schipunow GSch-23
GSh-23L cannon.jpg
general information
Military designation: 9А472 ( GRAY index )
Country of operation: Soviet Union
Developer / Manufacturer: Grjasew-Schipunow,
KBP in Tula ,
Degtjarjowwerk in Kowrow
Manufacturer country: Soviet Union, Russia
Production time: 1965 until today
Model variants: GSch-23, GSch-23L
Weapon Category: Automatic cannon
Furnishing
Overall length: 1387 or 1537 mm
Total height: 168 mm
Total width: 165 mm
Weight: (unloaded) 50 kg
Barrel length : 1000 mm
Technical specifications
Caliber : 23 × 115 mm
Ammunition supply : 150 round cartridge belts
Cadence : 3000-3400 rounds / min
Charging principle: Gas pressure charger
Lists on the subject
GSch-23 in the stern of a Tu-22M

The GRYAZEV-SHIPUNOV GSH-23 ( Russian ГШ-23 , ie Ge Template ) is a double-barreled machine gun , which in the Soviet Union was developed and today Russia is made. It was developed to replace the Nudelman-Richter NR-23 automatic cannon and integrated into various aircraft in 1965. It was specially designed for use in combat aircraft and attack helicopters . In 1965 it was incorporated into the equipment of the Air Force.

technology

The cannon works according to the "guest principle" developed in 1916 (named after the German designer Karl Gast ). The alternately firing barrels / pipes load each other. Compared to single-barreled / single-barreled weapons, this enables a higher cadence .

The GSch-23 reaches a theoretical rate of around 3500 rounds per minute. The practical rate of fire should be around 2200-2500 rounds / min. The rate here cannot compete with that of revolver or Gatling cannons , but their structure is less complex for a multi-barreled weapon. In addition to armor-piercing (tank incendiary) projectiles, the GSch-23 can also fire radar-disrupting decoys (chaffs) as well as flare decoys , fragmentation explosive shells and ground-training projectiles. The garnet type AM-23 is used.

variants

GSch-23 (about 49.5 kg)
Basic variant
GSch-23L (about 51 kg)
Variant with muzzle brake for reduced recoil
Type 23-3
Chinese replica for use in fighter planes

The following designations do not refer to the GSch-23 / GSch-23L cannon, but to the installation locations / containers:

NPPU-24
GSch-23L cannon installed in a carriage in a movable chin tower. The tower is used on the Mi-24WP and Mi-35M attack helicopters .
UPK-23-250
This is a 217 kg cylinder-shaped external cargo container . A forward-facing GSch-23L is rigidly installed in it. The ammunition feeder supplies up to 250 rounds of ammunition.
UKU-9A-502
The UKU-9A is a rear stand unit adapted to the stern of the Tupolev Tu-22M 2. The unit is operated remotely by a crew member. The fire control radar PRS-3 "Argon 2" is installed above the spherical screen as a target aid. At the end of the unit, two GSch-23s are movably installed as twin mounts in a ball cover. The ammunition feeder feeds up to 600 rounds of ammunition per automatic cannon.
UKU-9A-502MA
For the rear of the Tupolev Tu-22M3, the rear stand unit was adapted again and made lighter by reducing it to a machine gun. A crew member operates the automatic cannon remotely from the cockpit. The fire control radar PRS-4KM "Krypton" and a video camera are installed above the spherical screen as a target aid. At the end of the unit, a GSch-23 is movably installed in a mount in a spherical shutter. The ammunition feeder supplies up to 600 rounds of ammunition.
UKU-9K-502-1
The UKU-9 is a tail unit adapted to the tail spur of the Ilyushin Il-76 family. The unit consists of a pressurized cabin with an access door in which the rear gunner operates the cannons. The PRS-4 “Krypton” fire control radar installed above the pulpit provides target data as an aid. At the end of the unit, two GSch-23s are movably installed as twin mounts in a ball cover. The ammunition feeder supplies up to 150 rounds of ammunition.
SPPU-22-01
Cannon container , which weighs 290 kg. A GSch-23L is movably built into it so that it can be swiveled downwards from 0 ° to 30 °. Up to 260 rounds of ammunition can be carried. The container can also be mounted upside down so that the cannon fires backwards (used on Su-22M3 / M4 - JBG-77 / MFG-28 ).
GP-9-9000
210 kg heavy streamlined cannon hull for the MiG-21. A GSch-23 is rigidly installed in it and can carry up to 200 rounds (AM-23: Panzerbrand- / Splitter-Spreng-) ammunition. This nacelle was used exclusively on the MiG-21SPS ("smooth" SPS) instead of the fuselage ZB. The ZB stem (carrier) had to be dismantled for this. The gondola was screwed directly onto the two stud bolts. The cannon itself had to be installed in the "supine position" (striking piece facing up). As a safety measure against unintentional shooting on the ground, this type of installation only allowed the plug of the electrical trigger device to be disconnected.
Installation in "normal position": Mechanical hammer lock could be used. This 100% prevented unintentional firing on the ground (in the event of incorrect operation or removal of load jams). In 1989/1990 these tank / MiG-21 modifications were only used in two units: JG-2 (2.JS) Neubrandenburg-Trollenhagen / Süd; JAG-15 Rothenburg.

commitment

See also

Web links

Commons : GSch-23  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Voruschenje Sowjetskoi Aviazii 1941–1991. 2004, ISBN 985-13-2049-8 , p. 131.
  2. ↑ Jefim Gordon , Wladimir Rigmant: Tupolev Tu-22 "Blinder", Tu-22M "Backfire". Aerofax, 1998.