Sukhoi Su-22

Sukhoi Su-22
Su-22M-4 of the NVA
Type:	Fighter bomber
Design country:	Soviet Union
Manufacturer:	Sukhoi
First flight:	January 1975
Commissioning:	1976
Production time:	1974-1990
Number of pieces:	1020

The Sukhoi Su-22 ( Russian Сухой Су-22 , NATO code name Fitter ) is a fighter-bomber developed in the Soviet Union based on the Sukhoi Su-17 .

description

Ejection seat type K-36DM

It is an improved version of the Su-17 , which was first put into service as a production model in 1966. The Su-22 was intended as a direct successor to the Su-20 and thus primarily as an export aircraft, but was also used by the air forces of the Soviet Union .

The Su-22 is primarily designed for high-speed flight close to the ground. Like most fighter-bombers, it has only limited suitability for combating other aircraft, since it has a laser range and target lighting system (Klen-54) for ground targets in the bow instead of a radar for detecting air targets. Further improvements included the positioning, control and targeting electronics. In addition, the Su-22 was equipped with systems for disrupting enemy target acquisition and location. Optionally, the installation of extended sensor equipment for reconnaissance operations is possible.

UB-16 pipe launch tank

The armament includes eight to ten weapon carriers for a very wide range of weapon systems. Two or four weapon carriers, depending on the desired weapon variant, can be attached under the fuselage. Two automatic cannons NR-30 with 80 rounds each, built into the left and right wing root, are part of the standard equipment. Two of the six weapon carriers under the wings can each be equipped with an additional cannon container. This cannon container SPPU-22-01 (combat unit: 260 rounds) with a cannon GSch-23L that can be moved vertically up to 30 ° downwards can also be mounted under the fuselage against the direction of flight. This makes it possible to combat ground or sea targets that have already been flown over during take-off.

Compared to the Su-17, the Su-22 has a noticeably different fuselage contour with a smooth cockpit, a typical "hump" and an inlet opening for cooling air on the back (on the Su-22M-4), a plank under the rear part of the fuselage and four instead of two boundary layer fences on the wings.

The other Su-22 variants were given the NATO code names Fitter-G (a counterpart to the Fitter-F for export, but with an R-29B engine); Fitter-J (generally very similar to the Fitter-H , but with a Tumanski engine, steeper tail fin and Atoll AAM capability) and Fitter-K (the Su-22 M-4 of the Soviet Air Force and similar export models). As one of the most adaptable Soviet designs of the present, over 1000 copies are in service. The countries of assignment were / are among others Egypt, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, FRG, GDR, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Libya, Peru, Poland, Syria, Czechoslovakia and Vietnam.

variants

variant	The internal term	NATO code name	annotation
Su-22M-2D	S-32M-2	Fitter-D	Doppler radar in paneling under the air intake, tip of the fuselage lowered by 3 ° and extended by 38 cm, Tumanski - R-29 BS-300 engine
Su-22M-2K	S-32M-2K	Fitter-F	Export variant based on the Su-17M-2D
Su-22UM-2K	U-32M-2K	Fitter-E	Two-seat training machine based on the Su-17M-2, missing port cannon, no Doppler radar, fully combat-ready
Su-22M-3	S-52	Fitter-H	New design, Doppler radar housed in the entry cone, larger vertical stabilizer, Zvezda ejection seat K-36M , removable keel fin on the lower fuselage, additional launch rails for air-to-air missiles, chaff / flare launcher ASO-2 on the back of the fuselage, Tumanski-R-29BS-300- Engine
Su-22UM-3K	S-53	Fitter-G	two-seat training version of the Fitter-H, periscope for the flight instructor in the rear cockpit, Tumanski R-29BS-300
Su-22M-4	S-54	Fitter-K	Variant designed for high-speed low flight, rigid entry cone, laser range finder / target marker Klen-54, multipurpose computer CVM-20-22, navigation system PrNK-54 with RSDN , tactical flight navigation system A-312, KDS decoys SPP156, chaff detector / flare receiver ASO-2, radar warning system SPO-15LE Sirena-3, ejection seat K-36DM

use

As a member state of the Warsaw Treaty Organization , the GDR's National People's Army also received Su-22M-4 and Su-22UM-3K aircraft (trainer version), which later became part of the Bundeswehr . There were two squadrons at the Laage site ; the Jagdbombenfliegergeschwader 77 "Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher" and the Naval Aviation Wing 28 " Paul Wieczorek ". 24 Su-22M-4 and four Su-22UM-3K were stationed in each squadron. The characteristics of the machine were determined during test flights by the Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61 . Above all, the defensive systems and the robustness of the aircraft were praised, while the hydraulic system, for example, was assessed as too weak.

The Iraq continued its Su-22 in the war against Iran , where some were lost. More Iraqi Su-22s were destroyed in the Second Gulf War. Some flew to Iran, which has not yet returned them.

In 1981, during the US maneuver "Freedom of Navigation" in the Great Syrte, two Libyan Su-22s were shot down by F-14s of the aircraft carrier Nimitz .

On July 2, 2016, a Syrian Su-22 crashed in the Qalamun region during the civil war in Syria . The Jaish al-Islam militia stated that they had shot down the machine; the Syrian government assumed a technical defect. The pilot was initially able to save himself, but was captured by rebels and later killed by them.

On June 18, 2017, an American Boeing F / A-18 E Super Hornet shot down a Syrian Su-22 over the Syrian province of Raqqa , which, according to the US Department of Defense , had carried out bombing near militarily active allied forces ( Syrian Democratic Forces ) . The Syrian government said that IS forces had been combated.

On August 14, 2019, insurgents and media close to the opposition reported the shooting down of a Syrian Air Force Su-22 over Khan Shaykhun in northern Syria.

Users

A Soviet Su-22 in the GDR in 1989

A Polish Su-22UM-3K with tiger paint

Czech Su-22

Two-seat school version Su-22UM-3K

Polish Su-22M-4

 Afghanistan

 Algeria

 Angola

 Azerbaijan

 Bulgaria

 German Democratic Republic

Air forces of the NVA

People's Navy

a total of 56 pieces delivered from 1984 to 1987 (48 Su-22M-4K, 8 Su-22UM-3K, 2 losses)

 Germany

5 Su-22M-4K and 2 Su-22UM-3K were taken over by the Air Force for testing and evaluation

 Iraq

 Iran

 Yemen

 Kazakhstan

 Libya

 Peru

 Poland

A total of 110 units delivered between 1984 and 1988 (83 Su-22M-4K, 20 Su-22UM-3K, 7 Su-22M-4R). Last European user. A modernization program has been running since February 2015 in order to be able to operate the fleet for another ten years.

 Russia

Air Force

Naval aviators

 Slovakia

 Syria

 Czech Republic

 Turkmenistan

 Ukraine

 Hungary

 Soviet Union

Air force (until division )

 Uzbekistan

 Vietnam

 Belarus

Technical specifications

Three-sided view of the Su-22M-4

Parameter	Sukhoi Su-22 Fitter-F	Sukhoi Su-22M-4 Fitter-K	Sukhoi Su-22UM-3K Fitter G.
Type	Fighter bomber	Fighter-bomber / reconnaissance aircraft	Practice fighter
crew	1		2
length	18.75 m	18.75 m, with pitot tube 19.03 m
span	14 m	13.68 m at a 30 ° sweep of the swivel blades 10.03 m at 63 °
height	4.75 m	5.13 m
Wing area		34.45 m² - 38.49 m²
Empty mass	10,000 kg	10,667 kg	10,800 kg
Takeoff mass	14,000 kg	normal 15,230 kg maximum 19,430 kg	normal 15,000 kg maximum 18,900 kg
Top speed	2,305 km / h	1,850 km / h	1,900 km / h
Marching speed		1,200 km / h
Rate of climb	230 m / s
Service ceiling	18,000 m	12,000 m	15,500 m
Range	630 km	2,500 km	400 km (overpass 200 km)
Engine	a Ljulka AL-21 F-3 turbojet engine		a Ljulka AL-21F-3 turbojet engine a Tumanski R-29BS-300
thrust	11,340 kg with afterburner		76.5 kN (110.0 kN with afterburner)

Armament

Fixed armament in the wing roots

• 2 x 30 mm automatic cannon Nudelman-Richter NR-30 at 80 rounds of ammunition (at the manager versions only a gun on the right side)

Gun load of 4,000 kg on 8 to 10 gun pylons

Air-to-air guided missile

• 2 × APU-60-1 starting rails for 1 × Wympel R-60 M (K-60 or AA-8 "Aphid") each - infrared controlled, self-searching for short distances
• 2 × BD-60-21U start rails for 1 × Wympel R-3 S (K-3S or AA-2 "Atoll") each - infrared controlled, self-searching for short distances

Air-to-surface guided missile

• up to 4 × APU-68UM starting rails for 1 × Swesda Ch-23 (AS-7 "Kerry") each - radio command steering
• up to 4 × APU-68UM3 starting rails for 1 × Zvezda Ch-25ML / MR (AS-10 "Karen") each - laser or radio command guided
• up to 4 × APU-68UM3 launch rails for 1 × Zvezda Ch-25MP (AS-12 "Kegler") - anti-radar missile with passive steering
• 2 × AKU-58M starter rails for 1 × Wympel Ch-29L / T (AS-14 "Kedge") each - laser or TV-controlled
• 2 × AKU-58 launch rails for 1 × Raduga Ch-58E / U (AS-11 "Kilter") each - anti-radar missile with passive steering

Unguided air-to-surface missiles

• up to 6 × UB-32-A73 rocket tube launch containers for 32 × unguided S-5 air-to-surface missiles each ; Caliber 57 mm
• up to 6 × B-8M1 rocket tube launch containers for 20 × unguided S-8 air-to-surface missiles each ; Caliber 80 mm
• up to 6 × B-13L rocket tube launch containers for 5 × unguided S-13 air-to-surface missiles each ; Caliber 122 mm
• up to 6 × RM-122 (Grad-L) rocket launch containers with 4 unguided air-to-surface missiles LR-122 (JROF-122-L) each; Caliber 122 mm
• up to 6 × APU-68UM3 rocket launch rails for one unguided S-24B air-to-surface missile each ; Caliber 240 mm
• up to 6 × PU-O-25 missile launch containers for one unguided S-25 / S-25OF / S-25OFM air-to-surface missile; Caliber 340-370 mm

Gun container SPPU-22-01 with maximum lowered GSch-23

Unguided free-fall bombs

• up to 8 × 500 kg bombs of various designs FAB (high-explosive bomb), OFAB (fragmentation high-explosive bomb), ZAB (incendiary bomb), AGITAB (bomb with agitation material) and the like. a.
• up to 4 × multiple bomb carrier MBD-U6-68-I with 6 × FAB-100 (100 kg free-fall bomb) or 2 per FAB-250 (250 kg free-fall bomb )
• up to 8 × Basalt FAB-250 (250 kg free-fall bomb)
• up to 6 × Basalt KMGU -2 (270 kg submunition container for small bombs and mines)

Additional container

• Up to 4 × additional PTB-800 tanks for 800 liters of kerosene
• 2 × drop-off additional tanks PTB-1150 for 1,150 liters of kerosene
• up to 4 × cannon containers SPPU-22 with a twin cannon GSch-23L that can be swiveled vertically by 30 ° (combat set: 260 rounds of ammunition)
• Reconnaissance container ARK screwed under the fuselage, for optical and radio measurement reconnaissance
• Lusch computer container, screwed under the fuselage at the rear end, for calculating the target solution of passive anti-radar missiles Ch-25 MP and Ch-58

Self-defense systems

Active measures

• 1 × KDS-23 decoys launcher with twelve cartridges
• up to 4 × Artem ASO-2W decoys with 32 × 26 mm decoys each
• 1 × SPS-141/142/143 jammer

Passive action

• 4 × radar warning receiver SPO-15 "Berjosa" -L

literature

• Jefim Gordon : Su-7 / -17 / -20 / -22 Soviet Fighter ans Fighter-Bomber Family. Midland Publishing Ltd. Earl Shilton, 2004, ISBN 1-85780-108-3 .
• Wladimir Antonow: OKB Sukhoi A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. Midland Publishing Ltd. Earl Shilton, 1996, ISBN 1-85780-012-5 .
• Jiri Basny: SU-22 M 4 and SU-22 UM3K. 4+ Publishing Company, Prague 1992, ISBN 80-900708-1-7 .
• Rolf Jahnke: Air Force Fitter The Su-22 in German Service. AirDoc, Erlangen 2003, ISBN 3-935687-04-4 .
• de Agostini: AIRCRAFT, the new encyclopedia of aviation. TOPIC Verlag GmbH, Munich-Karlsfeld 1996.
• Wilfried Copenhagen : The Air Force of the NVA. Motorbuch Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-613-02235-4 .

gallery

• 

  Air inlet cone with laser rangefinder window

• 

  Additional tank

• 

  description

• 

  Control stick of a Su-22

• 

  Titanium stainless steel planking near the mouth of the NR-30

• 

  rear suspension of the NR-30 in a SU-22

• 

  Cooling air inlet and sleeve ejection of the NR-30

Web links

Commons : Sukhoi Su-22  - collection of images

Individual evidence

1. ^ Dieter Stammer: Modern Soviet and Russian warplanes. Edition Berolina, Berlin 2012, ISBN 3-86789-808-1 , pp. 130/131
2. ↑ Tom Cooper , Albert Grandolini: Ewiges Gergelten - The American-Libyan permanent conflict. In: Flieger Revue Extra. , Möller 2011, ISSN  0941-889X , pp. 49-52.
3. ↑ Rudaw
4. ↑ Reuters: "Syrian civilians killed in apparent revenge bombing for pilot death" The Guardian of July 2, 2016
5. ↑ Peter Mühlbauer: "Collective Self-Defense": F / A-18E Super Hornet shoots Syrian Sukhoi Su-22. Retrieved June 20, 2017 . 
6. ↑ Counter-ISIS Strikes Continue; US Super Hornet Downs Syrian Jet. In: US Department of Defense. June 19, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2017 . 
7. ↑ US Air Force shoots down Syrian fighter planes. Retrieved June 19, 2017 . 
8. ↑ "Syrian insurgents report the downing of a Su-22 fighter plane" derstandard.at of August 14, 2019
9. ↑ Michael J. Stolar, Alexander Golz: In use for 40 years. Fitter bomber in action. In: Flieger Revue No. 4/2014, pp. 27/28
10. ↑ Bartosz Glowacki: Modernized Su-22s get new look for Polish air force. In: Flightglobal.com. September 21, 2015, accessed on September 21, 2015 (English): "The Polish air force has received its first pair of modernized Sukhoi Su-22M4 strike aircraft from the WZL-2 depot in Bydgoszcz." 
11. ↑ ^{a b c d} Michael Normann: Combat aircraft of the NVA. Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2019, ISBN 978-3-613-04168-4 , pp. 123 and 159