Sukhoi Su-15
| Sukhoi Su-15 | |
|---|---|
 Soviet Sukhoi Su-15 "Flagon", May 1989 |
|
| Type: | Interceptor |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
May 30, 1962 |
| Commissioning: |
1967 |
| Production time: |
1966 to 1979 |
| Number of pieces: |
1290 |
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The Sukhoi Su-15 ( Russian Сухой Су-15 , NATO reporting name : Flagon ) was a twin-engine interceptor the time of the Cold War in Soviet production. The aircraft was a further development of the Sukhoi Su-11 and flew for the first time on May 30, 1962. With its top speed of over Mach 2, it corresponded to the Soviet concept of ground-controlled interception tactics with airborne missiles. The Su-15 was the first series-produced model of the Sukhoi family with two engines . The last machines of the type were decommissioned in Russia in 1992 and replaced by the more modern MiG-29 and Su-27 .
Development / versions
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The single-engine T-49 and the twin-engine T-5 were built in the OKB Suchoi in 1958/59 as a preliminary stage for the development of a modern interceptor for air defense . Both were based directly on the T-43 test aircraft . While the airframe and the system equipment for the future fighter aircraft were tested with the T-49, the T-5 was primarily used to test the engine arrangement and the fuel system. The knowledge gained was ultimately incorporated into the T-58D-1 prototype. It had delta wings with a leading edge sweep of 60 °, two Tumanski R11F2S-300 engines with 60.6 kN thrust each, and a boundary layer control system to improve slow flight characteristics. Since the antenna of the Orjol-D radio measurement complex (BRLS system) had a very large diameter, the adjustable air inlets were located far behind the cockpit. In addition, the aircraft had the KS-4 catapult seat, a “Lasur” data transmission system for the transmission of target data and the necessary aiming and fire control devices for the R-8M or R-98 (AA-3 “Anab”) missiles .
Directive 139-67 of the Council of Ministers for the further development of the Su-11 (which did not meet the requirement for intercepting high and high-speed targets with air-to-air missiles) was issued on February 5, 1962, and the T -58D-1 with Vladimir Ilyushin (the designer's son ) as test pilot for the first flight and confirmed the expectations placed on it, so that the decision was made to go into series production. Three prototypes, primarily for testing the various radar equipment (e.g. Orjol-D), were built by October 1963 and testing was completed by June 1964. From April 1965, the first series aircraft designated as Su-15s from the aircraft factory No. 153 in Novosibirsk were delivered to the air defense and were given the NATO code name Flagon-A .
In 1965/66 the original second prototype T-58D-2 was used as the T-58L (variously referred to as the Su-15L) for chassis tests. In 1966, the T-58WD (also known as Su-15WD or with the NATO code name Flagon-B ) was transformed into a STOL variant with three Kolessow RD-36-35 lift engines (23.49 kN each) in the fuselage . This is now also known as the prototype T-6-1 of the later Su-24 front bomber.
The first public presentation of the Su-15 took place at the 1967 air parade in Domodedovo , where the T-58WD, which was never produced in series, was also shown.
At the end of the sixties Sukhoi derived the unarmed two-seater trainer Su-15UT (NATO code name "Flagon-C") from the fighter plane. In 1969, the series production of the fighter switched to the Su-15T (NATO code name "Flagon-E") with two Tumanski R-13 F2-300 engines (63.65 kN each), the RP-26 Taifun radar complex (NATO code name "Twin Scan"), the control and navigation device SAU-58, the warning device RLS SPO-10 and twin-tire nose wheel. The warning device was modernized again on the Su-15TM (NATO code name "Flagon-F") introduced in the early 1970s, and the improved Taifun-M radar was also installed here. The Su-15TM was recognizable by the radome , which was not conical, but rather had a pointed arch.
Between 1969 and 1973 the design was fundamentally modernized without a separate version designation being assigned to this modernized version. The corresponding NATO code name was Flagon-D . The modernization included new double delta wings, which had a leading edge sweep reduced to 45 ° in the outer parts. In order to improve close combat capabilities, the armament was supplemented with R-60 missiles (NATO code: AA-8 Aphid ) and a cannon container UPK-23-250 with a 23-mm twin cannon . The air inlets have been revised for the more powerful R-11F2SU-300 engines.
In 1973, a further modernization of the model to the Su-15bis with two Tumanski R-25 F-300 (each 69.6 kN thrust) was tested, but this did not go into series production. In April 1976, the last version of the Su-15UM (NATO code name "Flagon-G" ) had its maiden flight, an armed two-seat trainer derived from the Su-15TM with a periscope for the rear cockpit and the Taifun-M.
commitment
The Su-15 was mainly used in the Far East and the Far North in the air defense of the Soviet Army . She was best known for two missions against passenger planes .
On April 20, 1978 a Boeing 707-321 (registration: HL-7429) of Korean Airlines , flight KAL902 , went off course and was shot at by Su-15 after penetrating into Soviet airspace and forced to land. The aircraft was damaged when it landed on a frozen lake near Kem near Murmansk . Two of the 111 people on board were killed in the fire.
A much more well-known incident occurred on September 1, 1983, when the Su-15TM pilot Major Gennady Osipovich with two air-to-air missiles (NATO code name AA-3 "Anab") a South Korean Boeing 747-200 from Korean Airlines ( Flight KAL007 ) near Sakhalin Island . All 269 people on board were killed. The passenger plane was on a night flight from Anchorage / Alaska to Seoul and at that time was already two and a half hours over Soviet territory. According to Soviet representations, the aircraft had probably been mistaken for a US Boeing RC-135 reconnaissance aircraft, the course of which the KAL007 had crossed several times over international waters before entering Soviet airspace.
The Su-15 was mainly in service in the Soviet Union and was replaced by MiG-29 and Su-27 in the Russian Air Force by the end of 1994 after its disintegration . It was also used in Georgia and Ukraine until 1996 .
Users
Technical specifications
| Parameter | Su-15 "Flagon-A" | Su-15 "Flagon-D" | Su-15TM "Flagon-F" |
|---|---|---|---|
| crew | 1 | ||
| length | 21.33 m | 21.41 m | |
| span | 8.61 m | 9.34 m | |
| Wing area | 36 m² | 36.60 m² | |
| height | 5.1 m | k. A. | 4.84 m |
| Empty mass | 10,220 kg | 10,350 kg | 10,760 kg |
| Max. Takeoff mass | 18,000 kg | 16,700 kg | 17,200 kg |
| Engines | two Tumanski R-11 F2S-300 jet engines with 61.38 kN thrust each | two Tumanski R-13-300 jet engines with 64.75 kN thrust each | |
| Top speed | 2230 km / h (at optimal flight altitude) | ||
| Summit height | 20,000 m | 18,500 m | 18,500 m (increased combat value 17,450 m) |
| Takeoff route | k. A. | k. A. | 1150 m |
| Landing route | k. A. | k. A. | 950 m |
| Max. Range | 1260 km | 1305 km | 1380 km (increased combat value 1210 km) |
Armament
- Gun loading of 2,000 kg at six external load stations
- Air-to-air guided missile
- 2 × APU-4 start rails for 1 × Kaliningrad K-5 resp. R-55 (AA-1 "Alkali") - semi-active, radar-controlled for medium distances
- 2 × PU-1-8 start rails for 1 × Bisnowat R-8MR / M1R (AA-3 "Anab") each - radar-controlled for medium -haul routes
- 2 × PU-1-8 start rails for 1 × Bisnowat R-8MT / M1T (AA-3 "Anab") each - infrared-controlled for medium-haul routes
- 2 × PU-2-8 start rails for 1 × Bisnowat R-98R / MR (AA-3A "Anab") each - radar-controlled for medium -haul routes
- 2 × PU-2-8 start rails for 1 × Bisnowat R-98T / MT (AA-3A "Anab") each - infrared controlled for medium-haul routes
- 2 × APU-60-2 double start rails for 1 × Wympel R-60 / R-60M (AA-8 "Aphid") each - infrared controlled for short distances
- Unguided air-to-surface missiles
- 4 × UB-32-A73 rocket tube launch container with 32 unguided air-to-ground missiles S-5 each ; Caliber 57 mm
- 4 × UB-16-57UDM missile tube launch containers with 16 unguided S-5 air-to-surface missiles each; Caliber 57 mm
- 4 × APU-68UM3 missile launcher for an unguided air-to-surface missile S-24 ; Caliber 240 mm
- Free falling bombs
- 4 × FAB-100 (100 kg free fall bomb )
- 4 × FAB-250 (250 kg free fall bomb)
- 4 × FAB-500 (500 kg free fall bomb)
- External container
- 2 × UPK-23-250 automatic cannon containers each with 1 × double-barreled 23 mm automatic cannon Grjasew-Schipunow GSch-23 L with 250 rounds of ammunition (fragmentation and tank incendiary projectiles )
- 2 × drop-off additional tanks ZB-350 for 350 liters of kerosene
See also
- Sukhoi Su-15 (P) - Pawel Suchoi had previously developed a type called Su-15.
- Interceptor , list of aircraft types
literature
- Jefim Gordon : Sukhoi Interceptors The Su-9 / -11 / -15 and other Types Red Star Vol.16. Midland Publishing, Earl Shilton 2004, ISBN 1-85780-180-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Manfred Jurleit: Versions - Suchoj Su-15 (USSR). In: Flieger Revue 4/94. P. 49.
- ↑ a b c Holger Müller: Engines of the MiG-21. In: mig-21.de. Holger Müller, November 5, 2016, accessed January 9, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d http://www.milavia.net/aircraft/su-15/su-15_weapons.htm
- ↑ FlugRevue September 2009, pp. 90–93, Mysterious "Flagon"