Gala (apple)
| 'Gala' | |
|---|---|
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| Art | Cultivated apple ( Malus domestica ) |
| origin |
 New Zealand
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| breeder | James Hutton Kidd |
| Breeding year | 1934 |
| Launch | 1965 |
| ancestry | |
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Cross of |
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| List of apple varieties | |
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'Gala' is a cultivar of the cultivated apple ( Malus domestica ). The fruits of the 'Gala' variety are relatively small, belong to the dessert fruit and are easy to store. The apple is relatively firm and has a sweet taste. It has a bright red skin and a yellowish “pulp”. In the trade almost only the mutant 'Royal Gala' is widespread.
description
fruit
'Gala' has an intense red color on a creamy-yellow to golden-yellow background. The skin is smooth and shiny and can look greasy with prolonged storage. A green background color is a sign of insufficient maturity. The color is generally more dependent than most other apples on the amount of sunlight the fruit received while it was growing. The apples are small to medium-sized and are therefore among the smaller apples on the world market. The apples are round-conical and individual fruits differ only slightly from one another in shape. Compared to other apples, the stem pit is medium-wide and deep to very deep. It can be partly rusty . The stems themselves are long and thin. The "pulp" is pale yellow, juicy and firm. The taste is aromatic and sweet.
tree
The tree grows moderately and is strongly oriented upwards. It has comparatively long, strong branches. However, the wood is comparatively brittle and tends to break. 'Gala' bears the fruit on one to two year old wood.
Mutants
There are different types of the 'Gala' variety in addition to the original 'Gala' . 'Gala' often creates mutations that differ mainly in color. The original variety was yellow with a slight red color, while the forms that are commercially available today are almost all intensely red. The better-colored 'Tenroy', 'Gala Royal', 'Gala Must' or 'Royal Gala', which are even more small-fruited than the normal 'Gala', are widespread. In the meantime, only the 'Royal Gala' bred in the early 1970s is of importance on the world market. For example, 'Royal Gala' and 'Braeburn' made up 77% of New Zealand's apple harvest in the early 2000s, while all other 'Gala' types combined made up less than 10% of the harvest.
'Gala' has numerous mutants that are strongly red in color. This strain tends to produce this, but many of these varieties are not stable to grow. The variant 'Imperial Gala' has a color corresponding to the 'Royal Gala', but slightly larger fruits. The type 'Tenroy' 'Gala Galaxy' has an even stronger red color and is currently (as of 2005) the most frequently planted type of the 'Gala' variety in Europe. Other common variations are 'Mondial Gala', 'Mitchgla', 'Regal Gala', 'Scarlet Gala', 'Fulford Gala', 'Brookfield Gala', 'Buckeye Gala', 'Pacific Gala', 'Gale Gala', 'Delaf' Gala ',' Regal Prince 'and' Welsh '. The variants differ mainly in the properties that are important for cultivation (harvest time, storability, density of the flowers, etc.), but hardly in the properties of the fruits.
Overall, however, a process has begun in recent years in which 'Gala' varieties are often selected for cultivation for their intense red color rather than for their taste. The industry is thus repeating a mechanism that recently pushed the ' Red Delicious ' out of its importance as the dominant apple variety.
Allergic potential
'Gala', together with the apples 'Braeburn' , ' Golden Delicious ', ' Granny Smith ' and ' Jonagold particularly common' in relation to other varieties than Apple Allergy- called incompatible.
history
origin
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'Gala' is the result of breeding by the New Zealand breeder James Hutton Kidd . Kidd crossed a ' Cox Orange ' with a ' Red Delicious ' and got a new variety, Kidds Orange Red . The crossing of Kidds Orange Red with Golden Delicious was carried out by H. J. Kidd in Greytown , New Zealand in 1934 and put on the market in 1965. Gala was named in 1962 by Don McKenzie at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in Havelock North . However, Gala gained importance in the market in the 1970s when several mutants were discovered that had a much more pronounced red color than the original Gala.
Situation today
The 'Gala' variety was the most important variety in Switzerland in terms of harvest volume in 2012, and in Baden-Württemberg it was ranked second in the same year. In Rhineland-Palatinate, it is the fourth most common variety with a share of 10.7% of the cultivated area.
'Gala' is mostly introduced for Europe from New Zealand and Chile . 'Gala' also has an important position in commercial cultivation in Brazil, Argentina, Australia, China, the USA, France and Great Britain.
Cultivation
'Gala' is diploid and self-fertilizing to a limited extent. The trees bloom comparatively long in the middle of the apple season. The tree bears abundantly. The harvest takes place in Europe from the beginning to the end of September.
After the harvest, the 'Gala' variety can be stored until December. There are no known specific susceptibilities that arise from storage. In the CA warehouse , the storage times are four to nine months, depending on the variant and region. The recommended temperatures are between zero and three degrees Celsius, depending on the variant and region, the recommended oxygen content in the air between one and three percent and the recommended carbon dioxide content between 0.5 and 2 percent of the air.
The variety 'Gala' does not enjoy plant variety protection by the Federal Plant Variety Office , but according to Section 6 Paragraph 4 of the " Ordinance on the Marketing of Growing Material for Vegetable, Fruit and Ornamental Plant Species as well as the repeal of the ordinance to combat viral diseases in fruit growing (Cultivation Material Ordinance - AGOZ) " are grown in Germany.
Vulnerabilities and resistances
'Gala' does not tend to alternate . The variety is very susceptible to powdery mildew ( Podosphaera leucotricha ) as well as to fire blight , fruit tree canker and apple scab . Gala is moderately resistant to winter frost.
breeding
The 'Gala' variety is also used in the breeding of new varieties. Some apple varieties whose parent variety is 'Gala' are e.g. B. ' Galmac ', ' Civni ', ' Nicoter ', ' Mairac ', 'Modi' , 'Sansa' , 'Chinook' , ' Pacific Rose ', ' Pacific Beauty ', ' Pacific Queen ' and 'Initial' .
The variety ' Scifresh ', which is currently the fastest growing apple variety in commercial production in New Zealand, is derived from 'Royal Gala' and 'Braeburn' .
literature
- Willi Votteler: Directory of apple and pear varieties . Obst- und Gartenbauverlag, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-87596-086-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Cheryl R. Hampson and Henk Kemp: Characteristics of Important Commercial Apple Cultivars in: DC Ferree and IJ Warrington (eds.): Apples. Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing 2003, ISBN 0-85199-592-6 . P. 70
- ↑ a b Geraldine Warner: Last Bite: Gala breeder put flavor first ( Memento from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) , Good Fruit Grower April 15, 2011
- ^ A b c John Palmer: Apples and pears - Cultivars , Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 13-Jul-12
- ^ Association for the Environment and Nature Conservation Germany Lemgo, Info Apple Allergy
- ↑ a b c Cheryl R. Hampson and Henk Kemp: Characteristics of Important Commercial Apple Cultivars in: DC Ferree and IJ Warrington (eds.): Apples. Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing 2003, ISBN 0-85199-592-6 . P. 69
- ↑ Significantly lower harvests of apples and pears schweizerbauer.ch, January 18, 2013
- ↑ Small apple harvest 2012 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg, August 13, 2012
- ↑ Tree fruit cultivation reduced by over 600 hectares ( memento from March 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate, July 27, 2013
- ↑ Bavarian State Institute for Horticulture and Viticulture: Apple - newer and proven varieties for commercial cultivation ( Memento from February 17, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ LfL Bavaria: Powdery mildew ( Podosphaera leucotricha ) on apples
