Galgenberg (Oberstinkenbrunn)
| Galgenberg near Oberstinkenbrunn | ||
|---|---|---|
 Pillar of the former gallows, surrounded by the rare citrus herb ( Phlomis tuberosa ) |
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| height | 346 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Lower Austria | |
| Dominance | 1.64 km → Buchberg | |
| Notch height | 36 m ↓ Stinkenbrunner Weg | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 38 '59 " N , 16 ° 10' 19" E | |
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| rock | Marl (stone), sand (stone), limestone, loess | |
| Age of the rock | Badenium, Carpathian | |
| particularities | Parts of the former execution site preserved, natural monument | |
The Galgenberg is a mountain in Lower Austria in the Hollabrunn district north of the village of Oberstinkenbrunn . Previously used as a place of execution, a pillar of the former gallows has been preserved to this day. On the summit plateau there is also a remarkable Pannonian dry grassland of national importance, which is designated as a natural monument.
geography
The Galgenberg is a foothill of the 417 meter high Buchberg and belongs to the municipality of Wullersdorf . Its slopes are mainly used for agriculture and viticulture. Some areas are forested or were planted with robinia forests.
geology
From a geological point of view, the Galgenberg is part of the Molasse zone . The western and southern parts as well as the summit consist of marl , sand and limestone of the Mailberg Formation and come from the lower Badenium . To the north and east, marl, marlstone and sandstone blocks connect to the Laa Formation, which originate from the Carpathian Mountains . Individual places are covered with loess and loess clay from the Quaternary .
Execution site
Oberstinkenbrunn belonged to the Gaming Charterhouse from 1338 to 1782 . In 1346 the monastery was also given high jurisdiction, which is why Oberstinkenbrunn was spun off from the Eggenburg regional court and from then on formed its own regional court district. After the abolition of the Carthusian monastery, Oberstinkenbrunn became its own rule, in 1844 it was bought by Enzersdorf in the long valley . A remnant of the former high court has been preserved to this day. The Oberstinkenbrunn gallows, which also adorns the town's coat of arms, consists of a 6 meter high, square column made of stones and mostly bricks. Originally there were certainly two or more columns that were connected at the top by wooden beams. Due to the asymmetrical layout of the existing column, it can be assumed that originally two columns formed the gallows. But there are no more traces of other pillars. The existing column was probably higher in the past and is weathered. After 2001, the column was repaired and fallen bricks were rebuilt in the form of a pyramid-shaped tip.
Natural monument
On the top of the Galgenberg there is only relatively little water and the ground is rich in skeletons and shallow. The areas were probably used as pasture since the Neolithic and thus kept open. Since the gallows was considered a dishonorable place, its surroundings were also avoided by the people and therefore not used intensively for agriculture. Furthermore, a high court should be visible from afar for reasons of deterrence, which is why its surroundings had to be kept free of forests and bushes. From the second half of the 20th century in the Weinviertel the livestock largely abandoned and no longer manages the arable area worthless in a row. From time to time the dry grass was burnt down, but more and more types of fringes and shrubs were able to immigrate and displace the types of dry grass. Around two hectares of the areas that are valuable in terms of nature conservation were declared a natural monument in 1972. The Wildlife Protection Society of Lower Austria bought in 1974 the core area of the natural monument and another two pitches outside the monument. In 2004, further properties were acquired by the Naturschutzbund. In order to preserve the valuable dry grassland and its Pannonian flora and to prevent or reverse encroachment, since 2001 spatially changing grazing with sheep has been carried out. In addition, regular care missions with volunteers are carried out to remove the bushes. The black locust , which was imported from North America and was previously cultivated for the purpose of obtaining wood for vineyards, poses a great threat. Like all butterflies , the black locust accumulates nitrogen in the soil, fertilizes it and makes it colonizable by common species, which are the rare, specialized species displace. Other potential dangers are the introduction of fertilizers and pesticides , unauthorized garbage dumping and the plowing of steppe areas.
For the Galgenberg - especially in the summit area - gappy, annual Walliserschwingel dry grass on young freshwater limestone, semi-dry grass pinnacles as well as fringes are characteristic. 174 plant species are known for the areas of the Nature Conservation Union, 33 of which are on the Red List of Endangered Plants in Austria. The greatest rarity is the endangered St. John's wort ( Hypericum elegans ), which is known from only three localities in Austria and was already considered lost in the Weinviertel. Highly endangered are the tuberous scorchweed ( Phlomis tuberosa ), the through-wax rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum rotundifolium ), the low-lying goose clover ( Cytisus procumbens ), the villi flax ( Linum hirsutum ), the steppe whitefly ( Thymus kosteleckyanus ) and the steppe Violets ( Viola ambigua ). 25 other species were considered endangered. The area has an unusually poor grasshopper and butterfly fauna compared to similar areas , which is attributed to the burning of the areas in the past.
photos
The gallows mountain seen from the southwest
Semi-arid grass on the plateau area
Semi-arid grass in the autumn aspect
Grazing with sheep
Care work of the Naturschutzbund Niederösterreich
St. John's Wort ( Hypericum elegans ), critically endangered in Austria
Cinderella ( Phlomis tuberosa ), endangered in Austria
Mourning Night Violin ( Hesperis tristis ), endangered in Austria
Colored Spurge ( Euphorbia polychroma ), endangered in Austria
Spring Adonis ( Adonis vernalis ), endangered in Austria
Large anemone ( Anemone sylvestris ), endangered in Austria
Large finial ( Polygala major ), endangered in Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Wolfgang Holzner among others: Austrian dry grass catalog. “Steppes”, “heaths”, dry meadows, poor meadows: existence, endangerment, possibilities of their conservation. In: Green series of the Federal Ministry for Health and Environmental Protection. Volume 6, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-900649-06-5 , object ÖK 23/3.
- ↑ Geologische Bundesanstalt (Ed.): Geological map of Lower Austria 1: 200 000, Lower Austria North. Vienna 2002.
- ↑ Walter Fittner, Gottfried Holzer: The market town of Oberstinkenbrunn. Oberstinkenbrunn, 1968, p. 8.
- ^ Alfred Grund, Karl Giannoni: Explanations for the Historical Atlas of the Austrian Alpine Countries. Department I, The District Court Map , Part 2, Lower Austria , Issue 1, District above and below the Manhartsberg, District above the Vienna Woods. Vienna 1910, p. 121.
- ↑ Stefan Lefnaer: Received gallows in Austria. In: Jost Auler (Ed.): Richtstättenarchäologie 2. Dormagen 2010, p. 241f.
- ↑ Galgenberg near Oberstinkenbrunn ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. noe.naturschutzbund.at, no author, no date
- ↑ Margit Gross (coordination): Care concept for the Galgenberg natural monument, a project by the Lower Austria Nature Conservation Association, funded by the Lower Austria Landscape Fund. Vienna 2005 Archived copy ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
