Steppe violets

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Steppe violets
Steppe violets (Viola ambigua)

Steppe violets ( Viola ambigua )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Violet family (Violaceae)
Genre : Violets ( viola )
Type : Steppe violets
Scientific name
Viola ambigua
Waldst. & Kit.

The steppe violet ( Viola ambigua ) is a type of violet that occurs in Central , Eastern and Southeastern Europe and in Asia in the Caucasus .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The steppe violet grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of 5 to 10, sometimes up to 20 centimeters. The plant has no runners, but often 0.5 to 1 centimeter long subterranean side shoots appear. The stem is not leafed. The spreading of the leaves are undivided, truncated in the summer on the base or abrupt petiole toward narrowed and at least a half times as long as wide. The all around hairy stalks of the leaves are winged upwards and usually densely covered with 0.1 to 0.2 millimeter long hairs. The stipules are pointed triangular and provided with glandular fringes.

Generative characteristics

The fragrant flowers of the steppe violet arise from the armpits of the basal leaves. The crown is strong purple-purple and the lower petal is provided with purple veins. There are 5 blunt sepals, each with a herbaceous angula at the base, and 5 petals. The lowest petal has a spur and the two lower stamens have a nectar-secreting appendage that protrudes into the spur. The anthers have a yellow appendage at the top. There is a stylus and the scar is hooked. The fruits sit on prostrate stalks and are hairy, spherical, blunt, multi-seeded capsules with three lobes. They don't jump up, but slowly open on the ground.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

ecology

The flowering of this hemicryptophytes ranges in central Europe from April bis May .

Occurrence and endangerment

The distribution area of ​​the steppe violet is in Central Europe , Southeastern Europe , Eastern Europe and the Caucasus . In the German-speaking countries it occurs in Austria . Occurrences in Germany are considered unsecured.

In Austria, rare occurrences are only known from the Pannonian area of the federal states of Vienna (e.g. from the Alte Schanzen in Stammersdorf ), Lower Austria and Burgenland . The species prefers dry grasslands on sandy or gravelly ground, rock steppes and sand dunes in the colline altitude range . In terms of plant sociology, it is considered a species of the order Festucetalia valesiacae. In Austria the steppe violet is considered endangered.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 435 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 677 .
  3. ^ Viola ambigua in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ↑ a b Wolfgang Adler, Alexander Ch. Mrkvicka (Ed.): The flora of Vienna - yesterday and today. The wild fern and flowering plants in the city of Vienna from the middle of the 19th century to the turn of the millennium , Vienna 2003, p. 350, ISBN 978-3900275969

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 435 .

Web links

Commons : Steppe-Veilchen ( Viola ambigua )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files