Gall (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of the lords and later barons of Gall

von Gall (historically also de Gall and even earlier de Gallo or Gallio ) is the name of a German noble family with northern Italian roots, whose baron status was recognized in the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1853, in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in 1863 and in the Kingdom of Prussia in 1889 .

history

The family comes from the patriciate of Como , where it was one of the most respected Guelf families as early as 1307 . From Como, the family built up an internationally operating finance and trading company in the 14th century that exported cloth to Germany and Spain and granted loans. With Bernardino de Gallo, the first Gall came to Germany in 1501, namely to Constance , in order to consolidate trade relations here. Although he had been granted civil rights in Constance, he probably lived mainly in Como until 1522. His son Nicolaus von Gall (documented as Nicolaus de Gallo in 1545 , † 1554) acquired the freelance goods Hochstraß, Ober-Giersberg and Untercastell in the Swiss Thurgau and near Konstanz. In 1530 he documented its owner with the title noble and vester gentleman . In 1553 or 1554 he moved from Konstanz, where he had steered since 1518, to Thurgau and was accepted as a member of the Nothfeststein aristocratic society in St. Gallen . His son Nicolaus II was mayor of Konstanz and court lord of Hessenreuti in Thurgau.

Natural monument in Darmstadt: the von Gall oak, named after the Hessian master hunter Carl Freiherr von Gall

Andreas von Gall, born 1575, son of Nicolaus III. von Gall and Maria Magdalena von Blarer zu Wartensee, came to Darmstadt from Constance in 1604 . With him this line of those of Gall became evangelical. In 1628 Andreas bought the property Netzmühle near Kirchhain . This was to be the headquarters of the von Gall family in Hesse for almost 200 years . In 1816 they sold the aristocratic Netz farm and mill to the barons of Fürstenberg . One of the last owners was the childless deceased Ludwig von Gall (1732-1800), Hessen-Hanau Chamber President and Privy Councilor , son of Friedrich Adolf von Gall, landlord on the net (1708-1790). His wife was Johannette Sybille von Müllenheim , who died in 1813 as a widow on Netz. The baron status was confirmed for his nephew the Grand Ducal Chamberlain, Real Privy Councilor and Landjägermeister Carl Christian Freiherrn von Gall, son of Wilhelm Rudolf von Gall, with the Grand Ducal Ministerial Rescript of January 14, 1853.

Johann Franz Schenk von Stauffenberg , Prince-Bishop of Konstanz, enfeoffed Joseph Andreas de Gall (= Joseph Andreas von Gall von Hochstraß), Mayor of the imperial city of Ravensburg , and his brother Ludwig Julius de Gall with the hereditary wine tithes of Markdorf in 1708 . In 1716 the bishop enfeoffed Joseph Anton de Gall after his father Joseph Andreas de Gall and his uncle Ludwig Julius de Gall had died. In 1730, the Bishop of Constance confessed that the noble family of those von Gall zu Ravensburg had died out and awarded the wine tithes to Markdorf again.

The later imperial abbess Maria Franziska von Gall (1707–1759), who ruled the imperial abbey Gutenzell from 1747–1759 , came from a branch that owned the Waldhof estate. After her birth, she was initially baptized with the name Maria Barbara Dominica . Later Maria Franziska was her religious name . A close relative was Barbara von Gall zu Waldhof (1650–1691), who was married to Matthäus von Pflummer (1649–1707), mayor of the imperial city of Überlingen , from the old Swabian nobility. Of their eight children, their son Johann Ignaz (1681–1731) also became mayor of Überlingen, their daughter Anna Katharina († 1761) prioress of Urspring (en) . The last lord of Gall zu Waldhof sold the aristocratic Waldhof estate in 1716. It then belonged to the Herdwangen rulership and thus belonged to the Petershausen Imperial Abbey .

The doctor and brain anantom Franz-Joseph Gall (1758-1828) also came from a branch of the patrician family Gall or Gallo from Como.

Name bearer

coat of arms

The talking family coat of arms of the family originally called de Gallo (“gallo” Italian for “ cock ”), as it was already used in Italy and Nicolaus de Gall in 1557, shows a red-armored black cock in gold above, in black and gold below divided diagonally right six times. On the helmet with black and gold helmet covers the rooster.

  • Coats of arms variant in the register of arms of the Noble Society of Ravensburg , by Joseph Andreas von Gall von Hochstraß

  • Coat of arms of those von Gall in Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book , 1898

  • Coat of arms of the von Gall family in Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book around 1701, "Ravenspurgische Adeliche gender"

  • Epitaph of Maria Franziska von Gall, imperial abbess von Gutenzell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b GHdA , Adelslexikon , Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1978, p. 22.
  2. ^ Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book , Volume 1, Heidelberg 1898, pp. 419-423. [With family tables (partly incomplete) and coat of arms (p. 423.)]
  3. ^ Giampiero Nigro (ed.): Le crisi finanziarie. Gestione, implicazioni sociali e conseguenze nell'età preindustriale / The Financial Crises. Their Management, Their Social Implications and Their Consequences in Pre-Industrial Times (=  Atti delle "Settimane di Studi" e altri Convegni . Volume 47 ). 1st edition. Firenze University Press, Florence 2016, ISBN 978-88-6655-948-1 , doi : 10.36253 / 978-88-6655-949-8 ( fupress.com [accessed July 19, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Website of the Club Nothvestein in St. Gallen: Historical (accessed on May 17, 2019)
  5. ↑ a b c Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book , Volume 1, Heidelberg 1898, p. 85.
  6. ^ LAGIS : Netz, Hof
  7. ^ " Gall, Georg Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm von ", in: Hessische Biographie (as of February 26, 2013)
  8. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart: List of results
  9. ^ Abbess OCist Maria Francisca von Gall (1707–1759) (accessed on May 14, 2019.)
  10. ↑ General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts , p. 261.
  11. ↑ Johann Baptist Kolb , Historisch-statistic-topographisches Lexicon , Volume 3, 1816, p. 54.
  12. ^ Geographical-statistical-topographical lexicon of Swabia , 1800, pp. 859 f.
  13. ^ Stanley Finger, Paul Eling: Franz Joseph Gall: Naturalist of the Mind, Visionary of the Brain . 1st edition. Oxford University Press, 2019, ISBN 978-0-19-046462-2 , doi : 10.1093 / oso / 9780190464622.001.0001 ( oxfordscholarship.com [accessed July 8, 2020]).
  14. ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book , Volume 1, Heidelberg 1898, p. 423.