García IV (Navarre)

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García IV. Ramírez, statue in Pamplona (around 1750–53)

García IV the restorer ( Basque Gartzia Berrezarlea , Spanish García el Restaurador ; * around 1112 , † November 21, 1150 ) was a King of Navarre from the House of Jiménez . He is occasionally called García VI. counted provided that the kings of Pamplona from the house of Iñiguez are included.

Life

Garcia IV was a son of the Navarre Infante Ramiro Sánchez , lord of Monzón and Logroño , and Cristina Rodríguez, a daughter of the famous Rodrigo Díaz "El Cid" de Vivar . His grandfather, Sancho Garcés, was an illegitimate son of King García III. of Navarre , which is why he was passed over to the throne of the kings of Aragón after the murder of his half-brother Sancho IV in 1076 , who also belonged to the Navarre house of Jiménez. Navarre and Aragón had been united in personal union for several decades .

After the death of his father, García took control of Monzón and Logroño and has since served his cousin, King Alfonso I of Aragon-Navarre . In August 1134 he fought in the Battle of Fraga against the Moors and after the defeat fled with the fatally wounded king to the monastery of San Juan de la Peña , where the king died. Although Alfonso I bequeathed his kingdom to the Knightly Order of the Templars and Hospitallers in a will, the Aragonese and Navarre nobility overlooked this last will. While the Aragonese chose Ramiro II, the brother of the dead king as their new king, the Navarrese in Pamplona chose García to end the now 58-year-old personal union with the unloved Aragón. The two new kings cleared the resulting areas of conflict at a meeting in Vadoluongo in the spring of 1135, by defining García's relationship with Ramiro II as that of a son to his father, which was equivalent to an adoption with the included subordination of Navarre to Aragón. García softened this relationship in the same year when he paid homage to King Alfonso VII of León-Castile as his vassal in Nájera and received the sword from him . The Leonese king claimed an imperial sovereignty as "Emperor of all Spain" over all empires of the Iberian Peninsula.

But García soon came into conflict with the “emperor” when he resigned his vassal status and raised claims to La Rioja , an old Navarres region that had been under the control of León-Castile for a long time. To this end, he allied himself with Alfonso I of Portugal and agreed with him a two-front war against Alfonso VII. However, García quickly fell on the defensive towards the "Emperor" after his ally gave up early after a defeated battle. Alfonso VII also allied himself with Raimund Berengar IV of Barcelona , who had ruled Aragón since 1137; and both rulers now attacked Navarre on two fronts. While García was initially victorious against the Count of Barcelona in a battle, he suffered a defeat against Alfonso VII. After his enemies had agreed the division of Navarre in the Carrión Pact in February 1140, García submitted to the "Emperor" again through the mediation of Count Alfons Jordan of Toulouse , thus breaking the alliance of his opponents. The submission was underpinned by his engagement to a daughter of the "Emperor". The war against the Count of Barcelona, ​​however, continued García and temporarily occupied Tarragona . In 1147 he took part in the campaign to conquer Almería .

Marriages and offspring

In his first marriage García was married to the French nobleman Margarete de l'Aigle († 25 May 1141) after 1130, daughter of Gilbert, Lord of l'Aigle and his wife Juliane of Le Perche ( house l'Aigle ). With her he had two daughters and a son:

On June 24, 1144 he married Urraca la Asturiana (* 1132, † 1189), an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII of León-Castile, with great pomp in León . With her he had a daughter:

With a mistress he had an illegitimate son:

  • Rodrigo Garcés († 1172), Count of Montescaglioso.

literature

  • Ludwig Vones: García (Ramírez) IV . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 4, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-7608-8904-2 , Sp. 1110.
  • Elena Lourie: The Will of Alfonso I, "El Batallador," King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment , in: Speculum 50 (1975), pp. 635-651.
  • Antonio Ubieto Arteta: Navarre-Aragón y la Idea Imperial de Alfonso VII de Castilla. In: Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón. Vol. 6 (1956), pp. 41-82.

Web links

Commons : García Ramírez of Navarre  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ Crónica Latina de los reyes de Castilla , Book I, §5. ( online ).
  2. ↑ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), Book I, §58, p. 83.
  3. ↑ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), Book I, §62, pp. 84-85.
  4. ↑ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), Book I, §63, p. 85.
  5. ↑ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), Book I, §73-74, pp. 90-91.
  6. ↑ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), Book I, §88-89, pp. 97-98.
  7. ↑ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), Book I, §90, pp. 98-99.
  8. ↑ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), Book I, §91, p. 99.
  9. ↑ Poema de Almería, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), §275, p. 174.
  10. ↑ Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, ed. by Glenn Edward Lipskey in: The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor. (1972), Book I, §91-92, pp. 99-101.
predecessor Office successor
Alfons I. King of Navarre
1134–1150 		Sancho VI.
personal data
SURNAME García IV.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES García Ramírez; García the restorer
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Navarre
DATE OF BIRTH around 1112
DATE OF DEATH November 21, 1150