Żuławska Kolej Dojazdowa
Żuławska Kolej Dojazdowa West Prussian small railways |
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Railcar MBxd2 212 in Jantar (2004)
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The rail network near Danzig
(see right half of the picture), including sections of the narrow-gauge railway, on a map from 1910 | |
Gauge : | 750 mm ( narrow gauge ) |
Żuławska Kolej Dojazdowa are called today the narrow-gauge railways with a gauge of 750 mm southeast of Gdańsk . Originally built by West Prussian Kleinbahnen AG , the network reached a length of more than 300 kilometers in the confluence of the Vistula between Danzig, Tiegenhof ( Nowy Dwór Gdański in Polish ) and Stutthof ( Sztutowo in Polish ).
history
The lines crossed the confluence of the Vistula in what was then the Prussian province of West Prussia , which was only opened up by a few state railway lines. It was the part of the Prussian Eastern Railway between Dirschau and Marienburg, opened in 1857 , from which a branch line to the district town of Tiegenhof branched off in Simonsdorf since 1886 . Since the road conditions in the Vistula Delta were unsuitable for extensive transport of agricultural products, the development of the region by rail was urgently required.
This task was taken over by the Allgemeine Deutsche Kleinbahn-Gesellschaft (ADKA) and built several lines in the southern part of the Great Marienburger Werder, which lies between the Vistula and Nogat , at the end of 1898, under the name "Neuteich-Ließauer Kleinbahnen" with the center Ließau Kleinbahnhof from the ADKA were operated.
To further develop the area, the ADKA founded a subsidiary in Berlin on May 27, 1899, the West Prussian Kleinbahnen AG. The Prussian state, the province of West Prussia and the district of Marienburg were also involved.
As with the Neuteich-Ließauer Kleinbahnnetz, the most important routes served both freight and - albeit modest - passenger transport. Numerous branch lines branched off from them for fine development, on which only goods were transported.
The development of the network until 1913
The network of the new company consisted of three parts, all of which were connected to each other and to the Neuteich-Ließauer network.
Beginning in 1900, the city of Marienburg an der Nogat became the starting point for three railways, two of which led to the Great Werder and connected to the Neuteich-Ließauer railways in Schönau and Lindenau. The third route opened up parts of the Kleiner Marienburger Werder in an easterly direction.
In 1905 the network was created in Danzig Werder on the left bank of the Vistula. The starting point was the small train station at Langgarter Tor in Gdansk on the eastern edge of the old town. Following a steam ferry near Nickelswalde, one branch found a continuation on the right bank and along the coast of the Bay of Danzig to the end point of Stutthof. In 1906, in Steegen, a connection went south to the district town of Tiegenhof, where the main workshop was also located.
From Tiegenhof, connections to the Neuteich-Ließau network were built in two different ways: as early as 1900/01 to Neukirch in the great Marienburger Werder and in 1909 through the Elbinger lowlands west of the Nogat to Lindenau.
The further development 1913–1945
The Allgemeine Deutsche Kleinbahn-Gesellschaft ran the West Prussian Kleinbahnen and in 1913 also sold the Neuteich-Ließauer Kleinbahnen (101 km long lines) that it owned. This created a coherent network of narrow-gauge lines totaling 328 km before the start of the First World War. This scope remained roughly the same in the following decades; the statistics from 1930 indicate 313 kilometers. Of this, 279 kilometers were in the Free City of Danzig, which was newly founded in 1919, and only 34 kilometers in the province of East Prussia , to which the remainder of West Prussia that remained with the German Reich - now as an administrative district - was subordinate. In 1940, 336 kilometers of routes were covered; on it were used: 31 steam locomotives, 40 passenger, 12 packing and - after all - 1011 freight cars.
The ownership structure had also changed in the 1920s. The ADKA, which had called itself Allgemeine Deutsche Eisenbahn-AG (ADEA) since 1923, was merged into the AG for Transport in 1926/27 , which was now still the largest shareholder with 37.1%. The remaining shares - until 1944/45 - were distributed as follows:
- 27.1% Free State of Prussia
- 13.6% province of East Prussia
- 11.1% district of Gdansk
- 9.3% Marienburg district
- 1.4% Elbing district
- 0.4% Stuhm district
The company was now managed by the Allgemeine Deutsche Eisenbahnbetriebs-Gesellschaft mbH (ADEG), which had emerged from ADKA. After the Second World War, Danzig and West Prussia fell to Poland.
After the Second World War
The Polish State Railways PKP continued to operate almost all routes as Gdańska Kolej Dojazdowa after 1945 , but as early as 1956 the service across the Vistula was discontinued and the network was thus divided. In 1971 passenger traffic on the split Koszwaly (Gottswalde) - Stegna (Steegen) line was discontinued, and on January 1, 1974, the rest of the service followed on the left side of the Vistula.
On the sub-network to the right of the Vistula, passenger traffic on the Lichnowy (Groß Lichtenau) - Nowy Staw (Neuteich) - Lipinka (Lindenau) cross-connection ended in 1968 .
The stretch on the Baltic Sea coast from Mikoszewo (Nickelswalde, right bank of the Vistula) via Stegna (Steegen) to Sztutowo (Stutthof) increasingly served tourist traffic to the beaches of the Gdańsk Bay, traffic to Mikoszewo ceased in 1978 and to the bank of the Vistula (Prawy Brzeg Wisły station) Resumed in 1980.
From the 1970s, the PKP increasingly used Romanian type Lxd2 diesel locomotives on the remaining routes . In 1986 the PKP acquired new narrow-gauge railcars of the MBxd2 series from Romania, which were mainly used in traffic towards Sztutowo . The trains between Prawy Brzeg Wisły (now called "Mikoszewo Ujście Wisły") and Stegna, however, were preferably driven by locomotive-hauled trains.
Even in the 1980s, freight traffic was still partly handled with the old narrow-gauge freight cars from the time of the Kleinbahn . Passenger cars supplied by PaFaWag were used in passenger train traffic in the 1950s.
In 1988, the decline of the remaining network began with the cessation of passenger traffic on the southern connection Lisewo (Liessau) - Malbork Kałdowo (Kalthof). In 1992 the passenger traffic to Prawy Brzeg Wisły was stopped again, in 1993 the passenger traffic between Malbork Kałdowo and Nowy Dwór (Tiegenhof) ended. Thus, the passenger traffic only remained on the Lisewo – Nowy Dwór – Stegna – Stutowo line, it ended in 1996. In November 1996, freight traffic was discontinued and the railway network was shut down, but not dismantled.
New perspectives as a tourist train
With the handover of the still existing narrow-gauge lines to the real estate management of PKP in 2001, there was the possibility of takeover by the municipalities. The area around Nowy Dwór that can be used for tourism was taken over by the Nowy Dwór district. In the summer of 2003, the seasonal traffic on the Prawy Brzeg Wisły – Stegna – Sztutowo and Nowy Dwór – Stegna routes was started by the PTMKŻ (Pomorskie Towarzystwo Miłośników Kolei Żelaznych) association. From this point on, the name "Żuławska Kolej Dojazdowa" was used for the railway. In 2006 there were disputes between the association and the district, whereupon a new association, the Stowarzyszenie Żuławskiej Kolei Dojazdowej, took over the business.
stretch
Gdansk Kleinbahnhof – Neukrug / Gdańsk Wąskotorowy – Piaski Gdańskie
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/de/thumb/6/6f/Elbing-K%C3%B6nigsberg1910.jpg/220px-Elbing-K%C3%B6nigsberg1910.jpg)
Malbork Kałdowo Wąskotorowy – Piaski Gdańskie Gdansk Kleinbahnhof – Neukrug |
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Gauge : | 750 mm ( narrow gauge ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Route data:
- Opening of the entire route:
- Danzig Kleinbahnhof – Stutthof: August 17, 1905
- Stutthof – Neukrug: April 25, 1943
- Suspension of passenger traffic:
- Gdańsk Wąskotorowy – Koszwały: January 1, 1974 (dismantled 1975)
- Mikoszewo – Sztutowo: September 8, 1996
- Reopening for tourist traffic:
- Prawy Brzeg Wisły – Sztutowo: 2003
- Shutdown:
- Koszwały – Mikoszewo: June 1, 1971 (dismantling of the Koszwały – Prawy Brzeg Wisły section 1974)
- Sztutowo – Piaski Gdańskie: 1953 (dismantled 1953)
Around 1950 the ferry station was moved north across the Vistula.
Knüppelkrug – Gottswalde
B. Opening: August 17, 1905
- 0.0 stick jug
- 2.4 nine lifts
- 4.5 wedding
- 7.0 Scharfenberg (-Wotzlaff)
- 9.0 Sparrow Village
- 11.1 Herrengrebin
- 14.0 Osterwick-Zugdam
- 17.3 Wossitz
- 19.7 Gemlitz
- 20.8 Langfelde
- 24.1 large detonator
- 26.2 Trutenau
- 29.3 Herzberg
- 31.3 Gottswalde dismantling
- 32.8 Gottswalde
Stegna Gdańska – Lipinka Gdańska / Steegen – Lindenau
Stegna Gdańska – Lipinka Gdańska Steegen – Lindenau |
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Course book range : | Nowy Dwór Gdański Wąskotorowy – Stegna Gdańska: 403 Lipinka Gdańska – Nowy Dwór Gdański Wąskotorowy: 461 |
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Route length: | 31 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gauge : | 750 mm ( narrow gauge ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Route data:
- Opening:
- Steegen – Tiegenhof Kleinbahnhof: May 1, 1906
- Tiegenhof Kleinbahnhof – Lindenau: October 1, 1909
- Suspension of passenger traffic:
- Nowy Dwór Gdański Wąskotorowy – Stegna Gdańska: September 8, 1996
- Reopening for tourist trains:
- Nowy Dwór Gdański Wąskotorowy – Stegna Gdańska: July 4th, 2009
- Closure: Lipinka Gdańska – Nowy Dwór Gdański Wąskotorowy: September 8, 1996
Tiegenhof – Schöneberg
D. Opening: October 16, 1901
- 0.0 Tiegenhof small train station
- 3.1 lowlands
- 4.6 Dairy dairy
- 6.2 troughs
- 7.8 charging coupl
- 9.4 Dairy charging socket
- 12.5 Schönsee
- 14.4 Schöneberg
- Freight railway:
- D.1: 0.0 Schönsee - 1.7 Schönsee North - 3.3 Schönsee Midfield - 5.8 Neumünsterberg - 6.6 Barenhof - 7.7 Bärwalde - 10.1 Fürstenwerder South - 12.2 Fürstenwerder North (opening: March 3, 1920)
Marienburg – Lichtfelde
E. Opening: October 15, 1900 Königsdorf – Stalle; 1903 Marienburg – Königsdorf; October 1, 1909 Stalle – Lichtfelde
- 0.0 Marienburg small train station
- 5.1 royal court
- 7.4 Königsdorf
- 10.4 Jonasdorf
- 13.1 cat nose
- 14.6 cat nose removal
- 17.1 Altfelde Kleinbahnhof
- 19.3 pale blue
- 20.8 Fischau
- 24.7 Prussian Rosengarth
- 27.1 stables
- 31.4 fields of light
- Freight railways:
- E.1: Fischau – Thörichthof (Marienburg district) 5.0 km (opening: December 13, 1912)
- E.2: Königsdorf – Schönwiese 3.0 km
Marienburg – Schönau junction
F. Opening: October 15, 1900
- 0.0 Marienburg small train station
- 2.8 Kalthof
- 3.0 Kalthof Ziegelei (freight traffic only)
- 4.0 Dammfelde
- 8.4 Schönau
- 9.1 Schönau junction
Kalthof-Lindenau
G. Opening: October 15, 1900
- (--- Marienburg Kleinbahnhof)
- 0.0 Kalthof
- 2.9 chimneys
- 4.2 Tragheim
- 6.0 Great reading joke
- 7.0 Groß Lesewitz field
- 9.1 Klein Lesewitz
- 11.6 Lindenau
- Freight railway:
- G.1: 0.0 Groß Lesewitz - 2.5 Herrenhagen Dorf - 3.0 Herrenhagen Feld - Schadwalde Dorf 4.6 - Schadwalde Feld 5.5 (opening: Oct. 11, 1909)
Ließau – Schöneberg
H.-K. Network of the Neuteich-Ließauer Kleinbahnen
H. Opening: December 23, 1898 Gr. Lichtenau – Neukirch; August 15, 1899 to Groß Lichtenau; November 18, 1900 from Neukirch
- 0.0 Ließau Kleinbahnhof (ADKA bus to Dirschau)
- --- Ließau goods loading point (connection to the state railway)
- 5.1 Damerau
- 7.3 Klein Lichtenau
- 9.0 Great Lichtenau
- 13.2 Pordenau
- 14.8 Neukirch forge
- 15.9 Neukirch (West Prussia)
- 19.0 Schönhorst
- 21.8 Schöneberg
- Freight railways:
- H.1: Groß Lichtenau – Barendt 5.3 km (opening: August 15, 1899)
- H.2: Groß Lichtenau – Trappenfelde 1.7 km
- H.3: Klein Lichtenau – Klein Lichtenau field 1.7 km
Groß Lichtenau – Lindenau Canal
J. Opening: December 23, 1898
- 0.0 Great Lichtenau
- 4.4 Trampenau
- 7.9 Neuteich (West Prussia) small train station
- 11.0 Eichwalde
- 14.0 Tannsee
- 16.2 Lindenau near Neuteich
- 17.2 Lindenau Canal
- Freight railways:
- Year 1: Trampenau – Neuteicher Hinterfeld 5.4 - Bröske 9.3
- J .2: (Trampenau–) Parschau 5.4 km (opening: December 23, 1898)
- Year 3: Neuteicher Hinterfeld – Prangenau 5.3 km
- Year 4: Neuteich – Eichwalde Süd 4.3 - Warnau 7.5 km
- J .5: Eichwalde Süd - Irrgang 6.2 km
- J .6: Tannsee - Tannsee 0.5 - Tannsee Feld 1.6 km
- J .7: Neuteich - Leske 2.5 km
- J .8: Eichwalde - Brodsack 1.5 km
- Year 9: Lindenau near Neuteich - Lindenau Canal 1.0 km
Ließau – Mielenz
K. Opening: November 18, 1898
- 0.0 Ließau Kleinbahnhof
- 4.7 old devils
- 8.7 Kunzendorf in West Prussia
- 10.6 Biesterfelde
- 13.3 Groß Montau junction
- 15.0 Great Montau
- 18.7 Klein Montau
- 23.7 Wernersdorf
- 25.1 Wernersdorf place
- 30.7 Schönau junction
- 33.8 Mielenz
- Freight railways:
- K.1: Kunzendorf – Gnojau 4.1 km
- K.2: Biesterfelde - Klossowo 0.9 km
- K.3: Altmünsterberg - Altmünsterberg Feld 1.3 - Altmünsterberg Provinzialchaussee 3.2 km
Web links
- Official website of Żuławska Kolej Dojazdowa (Polish)
- Pictures from a special trip from 2003
- Reinhard Richter: News from the West Prussian Small Railways (WKAG). (PDF file; 998 kB) The Museum Railway, 2005, accessed on September 20, 2018 .
- Travel report from 1978/79
- Vehicle list of the railway
- Early documents and newspaper articles on Żuławska Kolej Dojazdowa in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
literature
- Siegfried Bufe: Railways in West and East Prussia . 208 pages. Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, 1986, ISBN 3-922138-24-1
- Reinhard Richter: The West Prussian Kleinbahnen-Aktiengesellschaft . 192 pages, EK-Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-88255-692-7
- Roman Witkowski: Swiat kolei No. 2/2007; 8/2007; 12/2007; 3/2008; 9/2008; 11/2008 Emi-Press, Lodz
Individual evidence
- ^ Linia Stegna Gdańska - Piaski Gdańskie. Ogólnopolska Baza Kolejowa, accessed September 20, 2018 (Polish).
- ↑ Linia Koszwały - Stegna Gdańska. Ogólnopolska Baza Kolejowa, accessed September 20, 2018 (Polish).
- ↑ Linia Przejazdowo - Koszwały. Ogólnopolska Baza Kolejowa, accessed September 20, 2018 (Polish).
- ↑ Linia Gdańsk Wąskotorowy - Giemlice. Ogólnopolska Baza Kolejowa, accessed September 20, 2018 (Polish).
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^ Linia Nowy Dwór Gdański Wąskotorowy - Stegna Gdańska. Ogólnopolska Baza Kolejowa, accessed September 18, 2018 (Polish). Linia Malbork Kałdowo Wąskotorowy - Nowy Dwór Gdański Wąskotorowy. Ogólnopolska Baza Kolejowa, accessed September 18, 2018 (Polish).