Area leadership school of the Hitler Youth "Peter Frieß"

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The regional leadership school of the Hitler Youth "Peter Frieß" near the Querumer Forest on the northeastern edge of the Schunter settlement , now part of Braunschweig , was inaugurated in 1938 to train the middle management level of the National Socialist Hitler Youth (HJ). The building complex was used for various purposes after the war and was finally demolished in the 1950s. Today there is a student dormitory on the site .

history

prehistory

The former " Academy for Youth Leadership " of the Hitler Youth as it is today.

Shortly after the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists, the HJ started building activity too. Numerous HJ buildings were built between 1933 and 1939. In particular, the law on the Hitler Youth , which came into force on December 1, 1936 , caused a building boom.

Under NSDAP Prime Minister Dietrich Klagges , who was planning to turn the former Free State of Braunschweig into a National Socialist model state, the foundation stone for the Reich Academy for Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth had already taken place in Braunschweig on January 24, 1936 . In the spring of the same year, construction began on the regional leadership school.

architecture

Ground floor plan
Floor plan of the upper floor of the 2nd building with the ballroom

Architect Hans Bernhard Reichow , head of the building department of the city of Braunschweig, had already built a troop leader school for the Reich Labor Service (RAD) in Querumer Holz in 1934 at the request of Wilhelm Hesse , Lord Mayor of the city . Since the Oberweser youth castle in Groß Berkel, which had previously been used for training purposes by the HJ in Lower Saxony , had long since ceased to meet the (ideological) demands of the National Socialists, a regional leadership school for the HJ was to be built in the immediate vicinity of the RAD troop leader school . In the spring of 1936 it was only planned as a single building for 64 course participants, but the completion and inauguration was delayed considerably due to multiple rescheduling during the construction phase and due to a shortage of materials and labor. After all, when the complex was completed in mid-1938, it consisted of two buildings for twice the number of course participants.

The building, similar to a north German homestead , ultimately consisted of two U-shaped buildings with high roofs, in the middle of a moorland landscape with a few pine trees . In the monthly bulletin for architecture and urban development , no. 1/1939, this was presented as an example of a traditional and independent “North German architecture”.

The two building blocks were clearly separated in their use, arranged one behind the other and open to the west. The front, single-storey house facing the street contained the guard, staff rooms, an infirmary, the apartment for the caretaker and apartment for the teaching staff and the area manager. An inner courtyard led to the second building, which was built on two floors.

Above the entrance to the main building, which consisted of three equally large, separated oak doors with cassettes , was a 7.50 m wide, forged Nazi imperial eagle . In the entrance hall, or “hall of honor”, ​​a square granite slab weighing approx. 15 t was raised into the floor. In its center was a large swastika , surrounded by two lines on all four sides by a quote from Adolf Hitler , taken from his speech at the Reich Party Congress of Freedom in Nuremberg (September 10-16, 1935):

"We want to raise a tough sex that is strong, reliable, loyal, obedient and decent, so that we do not need to be ashamed of our people in front of history."

In addition to training rooms, the building contained a ballroom on the upper floor as well as a dining room with kitchen, several double rooms and a library . Through numerous large windows one could look into the roll call court, which was open to the west . Due to the proximity to the Schunter and the associated high groundwater level , the complex was not built with a cellar. Reichow was supported in the planning by the architects Baumgarten, Eggeling, Dammann and Pantel. The United Bremer Werkstätten under interior designer Stark were responsible for the interior design.

The Braunschweig painter Karl Sommer was commissioned to create a mural in the building's dining room. He called the work, which spanned several side walls, as an allusion to the Nazi ideology of living space in the east, eastern colonization ; The Braunschweig Guelph Duke Heinrich the Lion was depicted as the legitimate representative of the claim to "living space in the east".

When it was inaugurated in the summer of 1938, the Braunschweig Regional Leader School was one of 26 HJ district schools. A total of 70 later.

use

Stamp on a postcard from 1942

Hartmann Lauterbacher handed over the regional leadership school to its destination on July 17, 1938 . Lauterbacher was HJ staff leader and deputy to Reich Youth Leader Baldur von Schirach at that time . It was intended for the training of the middle HJ management level in Area 8 ( Lower Saxony ). The regional leadership school was named after the Hitler Youth Peter Frieß, who died in a "street fight with the enemy" at the age of 16. As is customary in such cases, the regime used the name of the " martyr of the movement" for Nazi propaganda by naming a National Socialist institution after him.

In the 1940s, the facility was also used for special courses for Hitler Youth leaders at the Academy for Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth, also located in Braunschweig , who were trained there to train pre-military education.

post war period

The regional leadership school survived the war largely undamaged. In the post-war period, the building complex was used for different purposes. Immediately after the end of the war, it served as quarters for former Polish forced laborers , and later as emergency shelter for refugees and displaced persons . The great hall was used as a cinema and dance hall.

In 1956 the building complex was demolished because it was uninhabitable. Today there is a student dormitory and a pond on the site.

literature

  • Reinhard Bein : Time signals. City and State of Braunschweig 1930–1945. Braunschweig 2000, ISBN 3-925268-21-9 .
  • Reinhard Bein: Contemporary witnesses made of stone. Volume 1. Braunschweig 1930–1945. Döring, Braunschweig 1997, ISBN 3-925268-19-7 .
  • Manfred Erdmenger, Helmut Meyer (ed.): The Schuntersiedlung. The book for the 50th anniversary. Kultur- und Heimatpflegeverein Schunteraue from 1982 e. V., Braunschweig 1987, DNB 880046694 , pp. 60-62.
  • Helmut Weihsmann : Building under the swastika. Architecture of doom. Promedia Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-85371-113-8 , p. 311.
  • NN: North German builders. 1. Hans Reichow: "Peter Friess" regional leadership school in Braunschweig. In: Monthly booklets for architecture and urban planning . XXIII. Volume 1, 1939, Bauwelt-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 1–8 (with several photos).
  • Hans Bernhard Reichow : Regional Leader School of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung . 1938, pp. 1338-1345.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erdmenger, Meyer (Ed.): The Schuntersiedlung. The book for the 50th anniversary. P. 60.
  2. ↑ Jürgen Schultz: The Academy of Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. ( Braunschweiger Werkstücke. Series A, Vol. 15 = The whole series, Vol. 55), Waisenhaus Buchdruckerei und Verlag, Braunschweig 1978, ISBN 3-87884-011-X , p. 52.
  3. ↑ Jürgen Schultz: The Academy of Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. P. 275.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Hans Bernhard Reichow: Regional Leader School of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. P. 1338.
  5. ↑ The Riepenburg at hamelner-geschichte.de
  6. ↑ a b Erdmenger, Meyer (Ed.): The Schuntersiedlung. The book for the 50th anniversary. P. 62.
  7. ↑ Städtischer Verkehrsverein Braunschweig eV (Ed.): Guide through Braunschweig. 10th revised edition, Appelhans, Braunschweig 1940, p. 67.
  8. ^ NN: North German builders. 1. Hans Reichow: "Peter Friess" regional leadership school in Braunschweig. P. 1.
  9. ↑ Hans Bernhard Reichow: Area Leader School of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. P. 1344.
  10. ^ NN: North German builders. 1. Hans Reichow: "Peter Friess" regional leadership school in Braunschweig. P. 3.
  11. ↑ Braunschweig Municipal Museum and University of Fine Arts (ed.): German Art 1933–1945 in Braunschweig. Art under National Socialism. Catalog of the exhibition from April 16, 2000 to July 2, 2000, Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim 2000, ISBN 3-487-10914-X , p. 207.
  12. ↑ Jürgen Schultz: The Academy of Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. P. 150.
  13. ↑ a b Reinhard Bein: Contemporary witnesses made of stone. Volume 1. Braunschweig 1930–1945. P. 83.
  14. ↑ Jürgen Schultz: The Academy of Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. P. 60.
  15. ↑ Jürgen Schultz: The Academy of Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. P. 53.
  16. ↑ Jürgen Schultz: The Academy of Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. P.56.
  17. ↑ Reinhard Bein: Zeitzeichen. City and State of Braunschweig 1930–1945. P. 93.
  18. ↑ Jürgen Schultz: The Academy of Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig. P. 170.
  19. ^ Helmut Weihsmann: Building under the swastika. Architecture of doom. P. 311.
  20. ^ Gunnhild Ruben : Please register with you as a subtenant - Hitler and Braunschweig 1932–1935. Norderstedt 2004, ISBN 3-8334-0703-4 , p. 18.

Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 1.2 ″  N , 10 ° 32 ′ 42.9 ″  E