Wilhelm Hesse

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Wilhelm Hesse (disambiguation) .

Wilhelm Hesse (born December 27, 1901 in Stadtoldendorf ; † August 21, 1968 in Siegen ) was a German teacher, NSDAP and SS member and Lord Mayor of Braunschweig from 1933 to 1945 .

Life

Early years

From 1916 to 1922 Hesse attended the teachers' college in Braunschweig. While he worked as a primary school teacher between 1922 and 1924, he prepared himself for the Abitur ; He then studied mathematics and natural sciences at the universities of Braunschweig and Göttingen from 1922 to 1927 . In 1926 he received his doctorate. phil. and entered the school service in Braunschweig in 1927. In 1929 he became a teacher promoted.

time of the nationalsocialism

In 1930 Hesse became a member of the NSDAP and in 1931 founded the National Socialist Braunschweiger Tageszeitung , the mouthpiece and propaganda organ of the NSDAP in the city and country of Braunschweig . From 1932 to 1938 he was district leader of Braunschweig Stadt and had been a member of the Braunschweig Landtag since spring 1933 .

Hesse became State Commissioner at the City Council of Braunschweig and in this position from April 8 to November 6, 1933, ensured that democrats were removed from the city administration through layoffs and forced retirement in order to then fill the vacancies with National Socialists.

On October 18, 1933, Hesse was elected Lord Mayor and thus successor to Ernst Böhme ( SPD ), who had been expelled from office by the National Socialists . On April 1, 1943, he volunteered for the war and was taken prisoner by the Soviets. During the time of his absence, Hesse was represented in office by Hans-Joachim Mertens . Mertens' successor in office was the non-party lawyer Erich Bockler , who handed Braunschweig over to the US Army on April 12, 1945 without a fight .

post war period

After the end of the Second World War , the military government removed him in the absence of his mayor's office. Bockler, who was appointed by Prime Minister Dietrich Klagges on April 11, 1945 , remained in office until May 31, 1945. On June 1, 1945, he was succeeded again by Ernst Böhme, who was ousted from office by the National Socialists in 1933. After Hesse returned from captivity on January 31, 1948, the court in Bielefeld sentenced him to a prison sentence of two years due to his membership in the SS, which was immediately served as a prisoner of war for several years.

Then Hesse tried to be accepted back into the Braunschweig school service, but this was finally rejected in 1951.

Fonts

• The dependence of the viscosity on the temperature in supercooled liquids. Mathematical and scientific dissertation. Voss, Göttingen 1926, DNB 570337720 .

literature

• Frank Ehrhardt: Dr. Wilhelm Hesse (1933-1945). In: Henning Steinführer , Claudia Böhler (Hrsg.): The Braunschweiger Mayors. From the establishment of the office in the late Middle Ages to the 20th century. oeding print GmbH, Braunschweig 2013, ISBN 978-3-941737-68-6 .
• Manfred Garzmann , Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (Ed.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon . Supplementary volume. Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1996, ISBN 3-926701-30-7 .
• Beatrix Herlemann , Helga Schatz: Biographical Lexicon of Lower Saxony Parliamentarians 1919–1945 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen. Volume 222). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2004, ISBN 3-7752-6022-6 , p. 155.
• Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Günter Scheel (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 19th and 20th centuries . Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7752-5838-8 .

Web links

• Photo by Wilhelm Hesse on vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de
• Pictures of the introduction of Hesse into the office of the Lord Mayor of Braunschweig on vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de