Busmann Chapel Memorial

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The Busmannkapelle Memorial - Memorial for the Sophienkirche Dresden is a memorial for the Sophienkirche in Dresden, which was destroyed in 1963 and has been under construction since 1995, and has been under construction since 2009 . It is being built on the former location of the Busmann Chapel , a side chapel of the church that was added around 1400, in the center of the city.

Location of the future Busmann Chapel Memorial: Zwinger , Castle , Taschenbergpalais , Haus am Zwinger , Memorial, Wilsdruffer Kubus (from left to right) in 2010

prehistory

The Sophienkirche 1910

The Sophienkirche was the only basic Gothic church in the city of Dresden that was preserved. As a two-aisled church with two choirs that was built from the start, it deserves a special position in architectural history. The Sophienkirche was Dresden's evangelical court church until 1918 and thus the main church of the Lutheran Kingdom of Saxony . After the end of the monarchy in 1918, it served as the cathedral of St. Sophia from 1922 as the seat of the Saxon regional bishop. In 1945 the Sophienkirche was badly damaged during the bombing of Dresden and finally dismantled from 1962 to 1963 despite international protests and popular resistance. This decision was not least politically motivated.

A public commemoration of the Sophienkirche was only possible after the fall of the 1990s. In 1994 the city council passed a resolution to “make the historical site of the Sophienkirche visible”, which became increasingly less important, especially against the background of the reconstruction of the Dresden Frauenkirche . It was not until the following year that the state capital of Dresden, in cooperation with the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony, announced a limited architectural competition in which thirteen architects and artists were invited to submit proposals. Contributions came from Dresden, Freital , Munich and Prague . The nine judges included the artist Jürgen Schieferdecker , the conservationist Heinrich Magirius and the architect Heinz Tesar .

The work was submitted on November 30, 1995. In December 1995, the jury awarded the first prize to the design by the architects Gustavs und Lungwitz from Dresden. A plot of land with a size of 250 square meters, which the state capital Dresden acquired in 2009, is available for the implementation of the design. The costs for the memorial amount to 2.6 million euros and are financed through donations and grants.

Design by Gustavs and Lungwitz

The Busmannkapelle of the Sophienkirche in the foreground; Watercolor by Christian Gottlob Hammer 1852

The design by Gustavs and Lungwitz provides for a spatial reproduction of the former Busmannkapelle at its original location, with the northern end of the room remaining open to the church: "The 'indicated room' is open to the north, towards the church, because it is completely lost." The slightly abstract chapel, the three walls of which are made of exposed concrete, is protected by a glass enclosure. It will be 21.60 meters long, 12 meters wide and 14.40 meters high. Originally preserved architectural parts and fragments are to be presented in their original places in the memorial. The rib construction of the earlier three-beam vault is reproduced by steel profiles. The floor is to be covered with sandstone slabs.

The exhibition space is to be raised from the level of the Sophienkirche, with the floor being made of punched stainless steel plates that are illuminated from below. Exhibition levels are planned at the level of the former galleries of the church, which should be accessible via a spiral staircase. The basement , which has the same floor plan as the glass cube, is also accessed via the spiral staircase and is to contain a lapidarium in addition to toilets, staff rooms and rooms for the technology . Portraits, but also tombstones from the Sophienkirche are to be presented here.

The size of the Sophienkirche is to be made clear by four buttresses that extend from the chapel in the open air. They mark the position of the pillars that were erected when the church was rebuilt in 1351 or when it was extended by two bays in 1421, and create a spatial connection to the post office . The memorial will also be accessible from Postplatz. Another access is planned from the east side via a lifting platform.

The design was convincing because it “reproduces the Gothic architectural structures without historicizing it […] in an appealing interplay with modern architectural possibilities. The ideal approach to past and present is sensitive. Nevertheless, the viewer has the feeling of a showcase. ”Gustavs and Lungwitz developed the design further until the application for the building permit in 2008.

construction

Preparations

Memorial plaque from 1999

In October 1995 the Dresden city council decided on the "Development plan No. 54 Dresden-Altstadt No. 6, Postplatz / Wallstraße". It was decided to demolish the popularly known food cube , the HO restaurant “Am Zwinger”. It covered the southern area of ​​the Sophienkirche floor plan and was removed in 1998.

It was also decided that the northern half of the property of the former Sophienkirche will be built over. The house at the Zwinger , popularly known as Advanta-Riegel , was designed by Heinz Tesar. “The curved tip of the bolt ends where the northern tower [of the Sophienkirche] once stood. The architect's intention was to point out the location of the former church, to mark it and not make it disappear. ”The building was completed in 1999. Its investor Advanta had already agreed in 1993 at the instigation of the State Office for Monument Preservation to reproduce the true-to-scale outline of the church in the open spaces and the office building. In July 1998, the ground plan in red Meißner granite with large paving stones was started and completed in 1999.

On January 31, 1998 the “Society for the Promotion of a Memorial for the Sophienkirche Dresden e. V. “founded. At her instigation, on April 30, 1999, a memorial plaque for the Sophienkirche, created by the artist Einhart Grotegut , was unveiled on original pillars of the Sophienkirche . The memorial plaque is located in front of the house at the Zwinger at the level of the former main portal of the Sophienkirche. It is planned to move the memorial plaque to the memorial later. The “Society for the Promotion of a Memorial for the Sophienkirche Dresden e. V. ”succeeded in bringing the fate of the Sophienkirche back into the public's awareness, not least through public events and press work.

First construction stage

The memorial as seen from the east in May 2010 after the first construction phase was completed

On November 12, 2008, the building permit for the Busmannkapelle memorial was granted, which became legally binding in 2009. On February 13, 2009, the anniversary of the bombing of Dresden, the first four steles were erected. The stele closest to Sophienstrasse , as a former corner buttress to the gable of the church, is of a different shape than the three eastern steles. All four steles are located exactly where the former western buttresses on the south wall of the Sophienkirche were. Two of the four pillars were donated, so in April 2011 the Dresden Cultural Foundation of the Dresdner Bank assumed the cost of 10,000 euros for the second pillar, while the first pillar was financed in 2010 by the Dresden company FSD Fahrzeugsystemdaten. The fifth and final stele was erected on Maundy Thursday , April 1, 2010. The steles are around 14 meters high and made of concrete.

The ground-breaking ceremony for the basement took place in September 2009. When excavating the six-meter-deep excavation pit, construction workers discovered the remains of the crypt built by Hans Erlwein in 1910, including clay tiles with the Saxon coat of arms. Concrete blocks, possibly from the time the feeding cube was built , and additional rubble delayed construction.

On January 19, 2010, the foundation stone for the busmann band was officially laid in the presence of Dresden's mayor Helma Orosz and Saxony's regional bishop Jochen Bohl . The sandstone came from the foundation walls of the Sophienkirche and was found during the construction work on the basement. It was given the years 1272 (first mention of the Franciscan Church), 1602 (naming as Sophienkirche), 1737 (new status as court church), 1945 (bombing of Dresden), 1963 (demolition of the ruin) and 2009 (construction of the memorial) Copper box filled. It includes newspapers, a certificate and coins.

With the erection of the fifth pillar in April 2010, the first construction stage, the basement, was completed. The construction of the basement cost a total of around 613,000 euros. On March 24, 2011, the city council decided to give the Dresden Community Foundation permission to operate the memorial site for 30 years at a symbolic interest rate of one euro per year.

Second construction stage

Erection of the first concrete component of the space shell on May 24, 2011

Preparations for the second construction phase began in March 2011. For this, the earth area around the future memorial was paved. The second construction phase was officially opened on May 24, 2011. The initial aim was to erect the shell of the future memorial up to a height of around five meters. The space shell consists of prefabricated concrete components. In addition, part of the southern window frames of the chapel has already been integrated into the building. The walls of the southern windows are made of 122 stone - in addition to numerous original stones from the Sophienkirche, there are also a few reproductions from the 1970s - and were previously stored in the Lapidarium Zionskirche in Dresden. In addition, there are the four console stones (Mr and Mrs Busmann, angel, leaf console) of the destroyed chapel, which, however, will only be brought into the memorial after the construction of the glass cube in the third construction phase and until then some of them will be exhibited in the Dresden City Museum.

A part of the work was finished by the German Evangelical Church Congress 2011 from June 1st to 5th in Dresden: “We are just managing to put the still existing historical parts in place,” said Winfried Ripp from the Dresden Civic Foundation in May 2011 During the DEK, the base structure was provided with wooden planking and used as a provisional stage. Bishop Ralf Meister , Bishop Karl-Hinrich Manzke and Günther Beckstein, the former Prime Minister of Bavaria, spoke at hourly peacetime devotions at the memorial . In December 2011, construction work on the memorial continued. The space shell reached its final height of 10.82 meters.

The costs of the second construction phase amounted to around 533,000 euros. They were financed to 90 percent from the party and mass organizations fund of the GDR, which is also intended to "redress a piece of GDR injustice". The regional church bore another 10 percent of the costs. From October 2012 construction work was suspended.

Third construction stage

The roof construction during the third construction phase in April 2015
The 2016 memorial under construction

1.6 million euros were available for the third construction phase, with 500,000 euros coming from the so-called Wall Fund, 689,000 euros from the Free State of Saxony and 340,000 euros from the city of Dresden. The rest of the funds were raised through donations.

Construction work for the third construction phase began at the end of March 2015. First of all, the roof was built on four steel pillars. It was not executed in glass as originally planned, but in steel and wood as well as with a copper cover in order to maintain better internal temperatures.

The cleaning and preservation of 13 grave slabs from the Sophienkirche (among others by Polycarp Leyser ) had already started at the end of 2014 in the State Office for Monument Preservation, in the Lapidarium Zionskirche and in various stonemasonry workshops . A total of twelve grave slabs were installed in the room of silence in the basement on 23-25 ​​September 2015. Polycarp Leyser's grave slab will be placed separately in the chapel room. Only the erection of the gravestones in the basement made it possible to install a spiral staircase made of folded sheet steel, which connects the basement area, ground floor, gallery and exhibition platform with one another over 50 steps. The spiral staircase was built at the beginning of November 2015.

If the glass cube was originally fixed by a steel frame, it can now be made entirely of glass. The glass panes, which are approximately three by four meters in size, are connected to one another using adhesive technology and stabilized by swords - narrow pieces of glass. Originally, the memorial was to be closed with glass walls until the end of November, but this was delayed beyond December 2015 due to water ingress and technical problems.

Planned use

To be shown in the memorial: The console busts of Lorenz Busmann and his wife

One of the basic requirements of the 1995 tender was that preserved architectural fragments of the Busmann Chapel should be incorporated into the design of the memorial. This includes:

  • 40 service workpieces
  • 6 rib beginners
  • 23 soffit arch pieces
  • 1 sill piece
  • 21 pieces of clothing
  • Tracery remains of the windows from 1864
  • 3 corbels (west gallery)
  • 4 console stones (Mrs. Busmann, Lorenz Busmann, angel, foliage)

In addition to the presentation of original pieces from the Busmannkapelle, the memorial is to be used for changing exhibitions, presentations and lectures. Devotions should also be possible. The room in the chapel will hold around 40 chairs. The design by Gustavs and Lungwitz provides for the Nosseni epitaph to be restored similar to an anastilosis and to be arranged centrally on the east wall of the chapel in such a way that the audience at events "usually [... ] sit in the face of the Man of Sorrows [the epitaph]." Film projections should be possible on the west wall of the chapel and thus enable slide shows in addition to film events.

In addition to a memorial for the Sophienkirche, the memorial is also intended to enable the victims of the bombing of Dresden on February 13, 1945 to be commemorated and to honor the resistance of the Protestant population of Dresden “during the period of two dictatorships from 1933 to 1989”.

After completion, the Busmann Chapel Memorial will not be funded by the City of Dresden, but jointly by the Dresden Civic Foundation and the “Society for the Promotion of a Memorial for the Sophienkirche Dresden e. V. "are operated. A corresponding contract was signed in 2008. The memorial should not be open all year round, but only from Easter to Reformation Day. For the winter months, openings are only planned for special occasions.

literature

  • Wiebke Fastenrath: To the former bus man band in Dresden . In: State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (ed.): Preservation of monuments in Saxony. Notices from the State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony . State Office for Monument Preservation, Dresden 1996, pp. 5–15.
  • Gerhard Glaser : The Sophienkirche memorial. A place of mourning, a place against forgetting. In: Heinrich Magirius, Society for the Promotion of the Sophienkirche (Ed.): The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their past and present. Volume 13. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, pp. 192–201.
  • Memorial for the demolished Sophienkirche. In: Markus Hunecke: The Sophienkirche in the course of history. Franciscan traces in Dresden. benno, Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-7462-1309-6 , pp. 137-138.

Web links

Commons : Busmannkapelle Memorial  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Website of the society for the promotion of a memorial for the Sophienkirche Dresden e. V.
  • Busmann Chapel Memorial at neumarkt-dresden.de

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gerhard Glaser: The Sophienkirche memorial. A place of mourning, a place against forgetting . In: Heinrich Magirius, Society for the Promotion of the Sophienkirche (Ed.): The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their past and present . Volume 13. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, p. 195.
  2. ↑ A memorial for the Sophienkirche in Dresden. (PDF; 1 MB) In: Dresdner Universitätsjournal , March 30, 2004, p. 7.
  3. ↑ a b Thilo Alexe: Remains of the Sophienkirchengruft discovered . In: Sächsische Zeitung , October 15, 2009, p. 15.
  4. ^ Gerhard Glaser: The Sophienkirche memorial. A place of mourning, a place against forgetting . In: Heinrich Magirius, Society for the Promotion of the Sophienkirche (Ed.): The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their past and present . Volume 13. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, p. 198.
  5. ^ Gerhard Glaser: The Sophienkirche memorial. A place of mourning, a place against forgetting . In: Heinrich Magirius, Society for the Promotion of the Sophienkirche (Ed.): The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their past and present . Volume 13. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, p. 199.
  6. ^ Wiebke Fastenrath: To the former Busmann band in Dresden. In: State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (ed.): Preservation of monuments in Saxony. Notices from the State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony. State Office for Monument Preservation, Dresden 1996, p. 13.
  7. ↑ Bernd Möller: A look that doesn't exist: To the "dispute" about the Advanta bar. ( Memento from July 24, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Dresdner Blätt'l 10/98, June 12, 1998.
  8. ↑ Memorial for the demolished Sophienkirche . In: Markus Hunecke: The Sophienkirche in the course of history. Franciscan traces in Dresden . benno, Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-7462-1309-6 , p. 138.
  9. ^ Gerhard Glaser: The Sophienkirche memorial. A place of mourning, a place against forgetting . In: Heinrich Magirius, Society for the Promotion of the Sophienkirche (Ed.): The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their past and present . Volume 13. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, p. 197.
  10. ↑ Founder for the bus man band . In: Dresdner Latest News , April 15, 2011, p. 16.
  11. ↑ Busmann's band gets a fifth stele . In: Sächsische Zeitung , March 30, 2010.
  12. ↑ Bettina Klemm: Foundation stone laid for busmann band . In: Sächsische Zeitung, January 20, 2010, p. 14.
  13. ↑ a b c Bettina Klemm: Busmannkapelle receives its final height . In: Sächsische Zeitung , November 28, 2011, p. 13.
  14. ↑ a b The Busmann Chapel Memorial is growing . In: Sächsische Zeitung , April 18, 2011, p. 10.
  15. ^ Society for the promotion of a memorial for the Sophienkirche Dresden e. V .: Annual report 2010 , p. 31.
  16. ↑ a b First devotions in the Busmann Chapel for the Kirchentag . In: Sächsische Zeitung , May 23, 2011, p. 15.
  17. ↑ a b Tomas Gärtner: Modern glass cover for historical stones . In: Dresdner Latest News , February 7, 2015, p. 14.
  18. ↑ Bettina Klemm: The busmann band is given a glass cover . In: Sächsische Zeitung , December 9, 2014, p. 15.
  19. ↑ Bettina Klemm: The Busmann Band receives its glass cover . In: Sächsische Zeitung , March 6, 2015, p. 13.
  20. ↑ Bettina Klemm: A roof over the bus man's band . In: Sächsische Zeitung , September 8, 2015, p. 15.
  21. ↑ a b Lars Kühl: The tombstones are returning . In: Sächsische Zeitung , September 24, 2015, p. 18.
  22. ↑ Genia Bleier: The Return of the Gravestones. On the way to the Busmann Chapel Memorial . In: Dresdner Latest News , September 25, 2015, p. 15.
  23. ↑ Juliane Richter: A staircase for the bus man's band . In: Sächsische Zeitung , November 6, 2015, p. 23.
  24. ↑ Genia Bleier: The exterior of the memorial should be finished by autumn . In: Dresdner Latest News , May 19, 2015, p. 14.
  25. ↑ Genia Bleier: A staircase, but no glass facade. Construction delay at the Busmann Chapel Memorial . In: Dresdner Latest News , December 7, 2015, p. 15.
  26. ↑ List after Wiebke Fastenrath: To the former Busmannkapelle in Dresden . In: State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (ed.): Preservation of monuments in Saxony. Notices from the State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony . State Office for Monument Preservation, Dresden 1996, p. 11.
  27. ^ Gerhard Glaser: The Sophienkirche memorial. A place of mourning, a place against forgetting . In: Heinrich Magirius, Society for the Promotion of the Sophienkirche (Ed.): The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their past and present . Volume 13. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, p. 200.
  28. ↑ Cf. The tasks of the future Busmannkapelle in Busmannkapelle (formerly Sophienkirche). Gesellschaft Historischer Neumarkt Dresden , accessed on May 23, 2020 .
  29. ^ Gerhard Glaser: The Sophienkirche memorial. A place of mourning, a place against forgetting . In: Heinrich Magirius, Society for the Promotion of the Sophienkirche (Ed.): The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their past and present . Volume 13. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, p. 196.
  30. ^ Gerhard Glaser: The Sophienkirche memorial. A place of mourning, a place against forgetting . In: Heinrich Magirius, Society for the Promotion of the Sophienkirche (Ed.): The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their past and present . Volume 13. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2009, p. 201.

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '4.9 "  N , 13 ° 44' 5.5"  E