Gedimu

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The minaret of the mosque at Xi'an in the Chinese province of Shaanxi , one of the largest mosques in China

Gedimu ( Chinese , from Arabic قديم qadīm for "old") or Qadim is the earliest school of Islam in China . It is a Hanafi , non- Sufi school of the Sunni tradition. Their followers are centered around local mosques that function as relatively independent entities.

It is the numerically largest Islamic school in China and the most widespread school tradition of Islam among the Hui , Dongxiang , Salar and Bonan .

Since Islam was first introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty , it did not experience any divisions until the Ming period . At the end of the Ming and beginning of the Qing dynasty , Sufism increasingly came to China. In Xinjiang , Gansu and Qinghai in particular , the Muslim faith began to change and the new directions were called Old Doctrine / New Faith / New Religion (Chinese: xinpai or xinjiao ). Those who clung to the ancient beliefs were called members of Gedimu or Laojiao (the ancient doctrine / ancient belief / ancient religion).

In its religious ideas, this school retains the basic Islamic principles of Tawheed . In religious practice, this requires the faithful to strictly adhere to the principle of rukun, the five basic duties of Islam .

In the long period of its development, a conservative tradition was formed. It is against unorthodox innovations and adheres to old rules without interfering in the affairs of other denominations.

Another important feature of the school is that it has an emphasis on culture and education. Organized by the mosques, they visit the children from their neighborhood to receive religious instruction. Arabic and Persian scripts are usually studied.

Qadim has the longest distribution history in China. In its development, the school has been influenced by Chinese culture and has incorporated many Han Chinese customs and traditions into its rites. The sacred architecture is different from that of other Muslim areas. Qadim was the result of the Sunni faith under a certain environment in the Chinese hinterland.

Together with Ichwan and Xidaotang, Qadim is one of the three great school traditions of China .

See also

literature

reference books

  • Cihai ("Sea of ​​Words"), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5 .

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ In several spellings and with many alternative names, see under: Alternative names of the lemma
  2. ↑ Chinese Hanaifei xuepai 哈 乃 斐 学派 - one of the four major schools of law in Islam
  3. ↑ Mikko Suutarinen, after Lipman (1997).
  4. ↑ Cihai , p. 525, article: 格迪 目 (gédímù).
  5. ↑ a b c d e Qadim - the Earliest Islamic Sect in China . ( Memento of the original from November 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. chinaculture.org  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.chinaculture.org
  6. ^ Cihai, p. 525
  7. ↑ chin ren zhu duyi 认 主 独 一
  8. ↑ In the web links of chinaculture.org referred to as "五大 圣 命" (Wu da sheng ming) .
  9. ↑ It celebrates, for example, the feast of the birthday of the Prophet Mohammed (Chin. Shengji ).
  10. ↑ Founded by Ma Wanfu (1853–1934) from Hezhou in Gansu Province , cf. chinaculture.org: Ikhwān Sect ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.chinaculture.org
  11. ↑ The so-called Chinese School, founded by Ma Qixi (1857–1914) in Lintan in the Gansu Province , cf. West Khanqa. ( Memento of the original from November 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. chinaculture.org @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.chinaculture.org
  12. ↑ Zhongguo de sanda jiaopai 中国 的 三大 教派 or in short: Sanda jiaopai 三大 教派: Gedimu 格 底 目 (Qadīm), Yihewani 伊赫瓦尼 (Ichwānī), Xidaotang 西 道 堂 (Chinese school).
Gedimu (alternative names of the lemma)
qadīm, gedimu 格迪 目, 格迪 目 派, 格 底 木, 格 底 目, 阁 的 目, 格迪穆, laopai, 老 派, zungupai, 遵古 派, laojiao, 老 教, gujiao 古 教, guxing 古 行