Spotted St. John's Wort

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Spotted St. John's Wort
Spotted St. John's Wort (Hypericum maculatum)

Spotted St. John's Wort ( Hypericum maculatum )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : St. John's wort family (Hypericaceae)
Genre : St. John's herbs ( Hypericum )
Type : Spotted St. John's Wort
Scientific name
Hypericum maculatum
Crantz

The spotted St. John's wort ( Hypericum maculatum ), also called edged St. John's wort , is a type of plant from the genus of St. John's wort ( Hypericum ) within the St. John's wort family (Hypericaceae).

description

Its special characteristics are the flowers dotted over the entire surface and the few translucent glands on the leaves.

fruit
Flower visit and probably pollination by a bumblebee worker

Vegetative characteristics

St. John's wort is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of around 25 to 60, rarely 80 centimeters, with a woody, creeping base axis. The stem is hollow and square with delicate longitudinal ridges. The branches are at an acute angle from the stem. In contrast to many other types of St. John's wort, its broad, oval leaves are only covered with a few translucent glands.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. There are numerous flowers in a panicle inflorescence .

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry with a double perianth . The sepals are ovate to rounded and have entire margins. The five golden yellow and black spotted (dotted or dashed) petals have a length of up to 12 millimeters. Up to 100 conspicuous stamens are grouped in tufts.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16, rarely 32.

Occurrence

St. John's wort is common in Western Asia and Europe excluding the Mediterranean. It grows from the lowlands to altitudes of 2600 meters. Are more likely as the site moist soils , such as fat meadows , Hochstaudenfluren and clearings preferred. It thrives in societies of the Violion Union and the Nardetalia order. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 2300 meters.

Systematics

“Taxonomically, there are several subspecies with different synonyms. Hypericum maculatum and Hypericum perforatum form a very variable clan complex . The taxonomic meaning of light oil glands in the leaves (“transparent dots”) is unclear. ”(Quote from FloraWeb ). The subspecies differentiated in Germany are:

  • Ordinary spotted St. John's wort ( Hypericum maculatum Cr. Subsp. Maculatum , Syn .: Hypericum maculatum Cr. ): The bald, upright stem is continuously square, wingless and hollow. It occurs from Europe to Siberia. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
  • Bastard St. John's wort ( Hypericum maculatum subsp. Desetangsii (Lamotte) A. Fröhl. , Syn .: Hypericum × desetangsii Lamotte ): This half-light plant thrives in Europe in a moderately warm to warm maritime climate on extremely humid soils. The chromosome number is 2n = 16. It is considered a hybrid: Hypericum maculatum × Hypericum perforatum .
  • Hypericum maculatum subsp. immaculatum (Murb.) A.Fröhl .: It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula.
  • Blunt- leaved Speckled St. John's Wort ( Hypericum maculatum subsp. Obtusiusculum (Tourl.) Hayek ): This subspecies is similar to Hypericum maculatum subsp. maculatum but the stem is only two-edged at the top and leaves are without oil glands. The inflorescence is broader and spreading and they are bluntly angled on the stem. The petals are up to 15 mm long and have longer, black lines and fewer points on the underside. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32. This subspecies thrives in Western and Central Europe especially in societies of the Filipendulion association.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Oskar Sebald: Guide through nature. Wild plants of Central Europe . ADAC Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87003-352-5 , p. 69 .
  2. ↑ Hypericum maculatum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ a b c d e Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  664 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 219.
  5. ↑ Hypericum maculatum Crantz s. str., edged hard hay. In: FloraWeb.de.
  6. ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hypericum maculatum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 22, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Spotted St. John's Wort ( Hypericum maculatum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files