Yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head

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Yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head
Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus a2.jpg

Yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head ( Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus )

Systematics
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Veil relatives (Cortinariaceae)
Family : Veil relatives (Cortinariaceae)
Genre : Veils ( Cortinarius )
Type : Yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head
Scientific name
Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus
PD Orton

The yellow-leaved skin head or yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head ( Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus ) is a leaf fungus from the family of the veil relatives (Cortinariaceae). The small to medium-sized veil has mustard-yellow lamellae when young, a yellow to pale yellow-brown hat and an equally colored stem. The stem base is never colored orange. The elliptical to almond-shaped spores are sometimes up to 10 µm long. The skin head grows under willows, sometimes under alders, in damp locations. The fruiting bodies of the inedible mushroom appear from July to October. The willow skin head ( C. salignus ) (MM Moser & Gerw. Keller) G. Garnier is now regarded as a synonym .

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 0.8–5 cm wide, initially bluntly conical or conical-arched, then spread out and usually bluntly hunched. In old age it can in rare cases be depressed in the middle. It is colored citrine or olive yellow, later olive-yellow-brown, ocher or orange-brown. Old specimens can also have faint red-brown to umbra-brown tones, especially in the middle of the hat. The edge of the hat remains more or less yellow for a long time. The non- hygrophane hat often has umber-brown spots when it is soaked. The surface is radially fibrous when young, especially towards the edge. Older fruit bodies often have very fine, pressed scales at the edge (magnifying glass!), The middle can then be more or less bare and silky-shiny. Young fruiting bodies often still have fibers of the fleeting, yellow veil on the edge of the hat.

The broadly grown and moderately crowded lamellae are colored citrine, mustard or olive-yellow when young and remain so for quite a long time, at the end they are brownish-orange to olive-rusty brown in color. The hat has about 20–40 continuous lamellas. Between two continuous lamellas there are usually (1) 3 (7) intermediate lamellas . According to Moser, the bulbous lamellae are 2–6 mm wide, according to Kuyper up to 8 (–11) mm wide. The fertile cutting edge is the same color or paler. It's smooth and can be slightly flaky at times. According to M. Moser, it is often very jagged.

The usually more or less bent stalk is 2–11 cm long and 1.5–7 (10) mm wide. It is cylindrical or slightly thickened towards the base and colored straw yellow, then more or less olive yellow. Some Cortina fibers, which have been discolored orange to rust-brown due to the spore dust, often adhere to it . The base of the stem is sometimes more olive-brownish in color, while the tip is slightly yellow-frosted. The inside of the stem is filled and only hollow when old. The basal felt at the base is more or less yellow. The usually volatile Cortina is initially yellow or olive yellow in color.

The rather firm flesh is also yellow or the same color as the surface, in the approximately 2.5 mm thick hat meat it can be paler in the middle. Especially in the stem bark it is lively greenish-yellow. The meat smells faintly radish-like or iodine-like, cut or drying the smell can intensify, sometimes it is completely absent. It tastes more or less mild or bitter and of radish. With KOH , the lamellae turn orange-brown and the hat skin turns dark red-brown.

Microscopic features

The fine warty spores are ellipsoidal to apple-seed or almond-shaped and measure 7-10 × 4.2-5.2 µm. Kuyper gives slightly larger values ​​(8.0) 8.5–11.5 (12.5) × 5.5–6.0 (6.5) µm and an average Q value (quotient of spore length and width) from 1.8-1.9. His spores are also grosser warty.

The basidia are four-pore and measure 28–36 × 6–9 µm, their sterigms are about 5 µm long. There are no cheilocystids on the fertile vagina , only basidiols and basidia. The cap skin consists of 5–9 µm thick, non- encrusted hyphae . The thicker ones are divided into shorter ones (25–35 µm), the thinner ones into longer hyphae sections (50–60 µm). The thinner hyphae are more superficial. The septa are buckles formed. The hyphae of the lamellar trama contain intracellular yellow to yellow-brownish pigment granules, which are probably flavomannin-6,6'-dimethylether.

Species delimitation

The yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head is a species of the Cinnamomeus-Croceus complex. The numerous types of this complex are often not correctly determined even by experts. The saffron-leaved skin head ( C. croceus ) with which it has long been synonymous is very similar . In fact, P. Orton, who was the first to describe it, also considered the two species to be synonymous. The very variable saffron-leaved skin head differs through the smaller spores, which are usually no longer than 9.5 µm long and the location. It usually grows in coniferous forests under spruces and pines. Other very similar species are:

The copper-red bog skin head ( C. uliginosus ), which also grows in damp places near willows or alders, can usually be easily distinguished by its yellow-orange to copper or brick-red hat. But there is a forma luteus which, according to Kuyper, can only be distinguished by its pigment composition and not by its micro and macro characteristics. The shape, however, tends to be colored more ocher yellow.

The brown-capped swamp skin head ( C. huronensis syn. C. palustris ) has a darker cap and grows in the bog or on moist soils overgrown with peat moss near birch or pine trees.

According to M. Moser, C. holoxantha , the all-yellow skin head , is macroscopically most similar. It can be most easily distinguished by its occurrence in the coniferous forest, where it grows under pine and spruce trees. He mentions the green alder skin head ( C. alnophilus ) as further types of confusion . This has dull yellow fruit bodies, larger spores and grows in green alder . The green-leaved skin head ( C. olivaceofuscus syn. D. carpineti ) differs through the much stronger olive-green lamellae and the brown hat, as well as the location in the deciduous forest with hornbeams or birches.

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finds of the yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head is found in North America and Europe. The distribution of the veil is insufficiently known, as it is often not differentiated from or confused with similar skin heads. It is most common in the north of the boreal and arctic-alpine zones, but it can also occur in the temperate lowlands. It has been found in Iceland, Greenland and Alaska. In Norway, its distribution area extends to the North Cape. While it is quite common in Northern Europe, it is rare or absent in Southern Europe. In Greece it was found in a fir forest, so that it can be confused with the saffron-leaved skin head. The veil is moderately common in the Netherlands. In Great Britain, according to Orton, it sometimes grows quite often in swamp forests with willows and alders.

    The skin head is associated with various types of shrub willow. Mainly with creeping willow ( Salix repens ), ear willow ( S. aurita ) and ash willow ( S. cinerea ). It grows on moist to boggy, strongly acidic, humus-rich sandy or sandy loam soils, often on the banks of lakes or rivers. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October.

    Systematics

    Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus was described in 1960 by PD Orton. Orton wrote in the commentary on his species diagnosis that although he believed that "his" C. cinnamomeolutus was related to Rob. Henry's C. cinnamomeolutescens is identical (a species that the French mycologist described in 1940 without a Latin diagnosis and therefore invalid), but since he is not sure whether his C. cinnamomeolutus is really identical to Henry's, he would prefer to rewrite the species. Rob. Henry seems to have regarded C. cinnamomeolutescens as an independent taxon, because he provided a formally valid description of its species in 1988, which he would not have done if he had considered the species to be synonymous. This contradicts the Index Fungorum taxonomy database , according to which the two species are synonymous.

    Another point that led to taxonomic confusion is the fact that when describing the species, Orton synonymous his species with Dermocybe cinnamomea (L.) Wünsche sensu Ricken , or with C. cinnamomeus sensu Bresadola and JE Lange . According to today's view, D cinnamomea / C. cinnamomeus in the sense of Ricken, Bresadola and Lange is synonymous with C. croceus , the saffron-leaved skin head. C. croceus was a taxon that Orton did not know how to classify. Therefore, he did not adopt this name, although he indicated a possible synonymy of C. cinnamomeolutescens and C. croceus . Since Orten never differentiated C. cinnamomeoluteus from C. croceus , later authors saw it as a synonym for C. croceus , the saffron-yellow skin head.

    Recent molecular biological investigations have shown that the holotypes of the two species C. cinnamomeolutus and Dermocybe saligna (willow skin head) belong to the same species. Since C. cinnamomeolutus is the older name, it takes precedence. The synonymity of the two species had previously been suspected on the basis of ecology and pigment composition. When describing the species, Orton pointed out that the fungus grows particularly often in damp locations (damp woods) under willows and alders. The saffron skin head, on the other hand, is a typical species of coniferous forest. In addition to the heterotypical synonyms, there is also a homotypical synonym , since MM Moser placed the taxon as Dermocybe cinnamomeolutea (PD Orton) MM Moser in the genus Dermocybe in 1967 .

    According to Moser, due to its pigmentation, the species belongs to the subgenus and section Dermocybe and most likely to the Stirps Palustris .

    meaning

    The yellow-leaved cinnamon skin head is, like all skin heads, considered inedible.

    ingredients

    The main pigments of the yellow-leaved cinnamon head are the lemon-yellow to greenish-yellow colored flavomannin-6.6'-dimethylether (FDM), the anhydroflavomannin-9.10-quinone-6.6'-dimethylether (ADM), a yellow oxidation product of FDM, and the two anthraquinone carboxylic acids Dermolutein (yellow) and Dermorubin (purple-pink). In a small amount were also 5-Chlorodermorubin (purplish) endocrocin (yellow), and the corresponding Anthrachinoncarbonsäure glycosides detected. In addition, there are probably other oxidation products of FDM or ADM that are yellow to yellow-brown in color. The cinnamon brown ( C. cinnamoneus ), the saffron -leaved ( C. croceus ) and the copper-red bog skin ( C. uliginosus ) are three closely related species that have an almost identical pigment composition.

    • Main pigments of C. cinnamomeoluteus

    • Flavomannin-6.6'-dimethylether
      (greenish yellow)

    • Dermolutein
      (yellow)

    • Dermorubin
      (purple pink)

    • 5-chlorodermorubin
      (purple pink)

    • Endocrocin
      (yellow)

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c Thomas W. Kuyper and Eef Arnolds: Some rare and interesting Cortinarius species associated with Salix repens . In: Sydowia supplements . tape 10 , 1994, pp. 5–27 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
    2. ↑ a b c d e f Meinhard M. Moser and G. Keller: Dermocybe saligna spec. nov., a kind of Democybe associated with Salix . In: Journal of Mushroom Science . tape 43 , 1977, pp. 207-212 ( online [PDF]).
    3. ^ PD Orton: Cortinarius II . In: The Naturalist. 1958 ( Online [PDF; 2.1 MB ; accessed on June 30, 2019]).
    4. ↑ a b c Peter D. Orton: New check list of British agarics and boleti: Part III. Notes on genera and species in the list. In: Transactions of the British Mycological Society . No. 43 , 1960, pp. 159-384 . ( Online ).
    5. ↑ a b c Klaus Høiland: Key to Cortinarius subgenus Dermocybe. (In the Nordic countries). In: University of Oslo / folk.uio.no. Retrieved March 3, 2016 .
    6. ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved March 10, 2016 (Swedish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artportalen.se
    7. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
    8. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279-282 ( online [PDF]).
    9. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
    10. ^ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne and Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann and Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 978-87-635-1277-0 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 37-59 ( Google Books ).
    11. ↑ Armin Mesic & Zdenko Tkalcec: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. II. Families Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Cortinariaceae and Hygrophoraceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 83, 2002, pp. 453-502 (English, online ).
    12. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
    13. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016 ; accessed on March 10, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    14. ↑ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis & E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: IV. Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece). In: [Mycotaxon] . Vol: 104, 2008, p. 39–42 (English, online [PDF]).
    15. ^ Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
    16. ↑ Ilkka Kytövuori et al .: Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland . ISBN 952-11-1997-7 , pp. 105–225 ( Online [PDF] Finnish: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko .).
    17. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. (No longer available online.) In: nahuby.sk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 10, 2016 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nahuby.sk  
    18. ↑ Grid map of Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
    19. ^ Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus / Norwegian Mycology Database. In: nhm2.uio.no / Norwegian Mycology Database. Retrieved March 10, 2016 (Norwegian).
    20. ^ Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. Pilzoek database, accessed March 10, 2016 .
    21. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved March 10, 2016 .
    22. ↑ Adalbert Ricken : The agaric mushrooms (Agaricaceae) . Germany and the neighboring countries, especially Austria and Switzerland. No.  85 . Published by Theodor Oswald Weigel, Leipzig 1915, p. 160 ( online ).
    23. ^ Giacomo Bresadola: Iconographia Mycologica. Ed .: Gruppo Micologico “G. Bresadola ”. tape XIII , 1930, p. 647 ( online ).
    24. ↑ Jakob Emanuel Lange: Flora agaricina Danica. tape III . Recato, Copenhagen 1938, p. 35 (English, online ).
    25. ↑ Karin Montag: Yellow- leaved cinnamon skin head Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus In the virtual mushroom book. In: tintling.com/. Retrieved March 9, 2016 .
    26. ↑ Ilse Gruber: Anthraquinone dyes in the genus Dermocybe and attempt to evaluate them for systematics . In: Journal of Mushroom Science . 1970 ( online [PDF]).
    27. ↑ Gerwin Keller: pigmentation studies in European species from the genus Dermocybe (FR.) WÜNSCHE . In: Sydowia . tape 35 , 1982, pp. 110–126 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
    28. ^ N. Arnold, A. Bresinsky and H. Kemmer: Notes on the chemotaxonomy of the genus Dermocybe (Agaricales) and on their occurrence in Bavaria . tape 53 , no. 2 , 1987, pp. 187-194 ( online [PDF]).

    Web links

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