Yellow Gunsel

Yellow Gunsel
	Yellow Gunsel ( Ajuga chamaepitys )
Systematics
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily :	Ajugoideae
Genre :	Gunsel ( Ajuga )
Type :	Yellow Gunsel
Scientific name
	Ajuga chamaepitys
	( L. ) Schreb.

The yellow Günsel or arable Günsel ( Ajuga chamaepitys ) is a plant from the genus Ajuga ( Ajuga ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). The many subspecies are distributed from Western Europe across the Mediterranean to Central Asia.

description

inflorescence

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 18

Zygomorphic flowers

Klausen

Vegetative characteristics

The yellow Günsel grows as an annual , rarely biennial or perennial herbaceous plant and usually only reaches heights of 5 to 15 centimeters. It smells aromatic. The often prostrate stem is heavily branched. But it can take root up to 40 cm deep.

In contrast to most of the mint family, the opposite, 1 to 3 centimeter long, hairy leaves of the Yellow Günsels are each split into three long, linear tips.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to September. The flowers are solitary, sometimes in pairs in the leaf axils. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The lemon-yellow, often red-brown drawn crown with a very small upper lip and a much longer lower lip usually reaches 7 to 15 millimeters in length.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Occurrence

The home of the Yellow Gun is in southern Europe, the Mediterranean, Southwest Asia and Northwest Africa.

In Germany, where it immigrated as an archaeophyte , it grows mainly in fields or short-lived weed meadows on calcareous, easily warm soils between the Main and Danube and in Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt.

It is a character species of the association of the poppy fields (Caucalidion lappulae), but can also occur in societies of the association Alysso-Sedion-albi. Overall, however, the yellow Günsel is in sharp decline and is classified in class 3 ("endangered") in the red list of endangered species in Germany , especially as a result of intensive arable farming and increased nitrogen input. In contrast, it is not endangered in the Mediterranean region.

Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. chia

Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. Palestine

Yellow Günsel ( Ajuga chamaepitys ) in Lower Austria

Yellow Gunsel ( Ajuga chamaepitys ) in Turkey

Systematics

The Yellow Günsel was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum under the basionym Teucrium chamaepitys L. first published . In 1773 Johann Christian von Schreber placed it in the class Ajuga .

Subspecies

Especially in the east of the distribution area, the yellow Günsel is very rich in shape. There are 14 subspecies:

Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. chamaepitys : Homeland: Western and Central Europe, Italy including Sicily, Northwest Africa.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. chia (Schreb.) Arcang. (Syn .: Ajuga chia Schreb. ): Home: Southeastern Europe and Eastern Europe and north to about 53 ° in eastern Russia and east to northwestern and western Iran.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. cuneatifolia (Stapf) PHDavis (Syn .: Ajuga cuneatifolia Stapf ): Homeland: western, southern and southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. cypria P.H.Davis : Homeland: northern Cyprus, southwestern Turkey.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. euphratica P.H.Davis : Homeland: Eastern Turkey.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. glareosa P.H.Davis : Home: Anatolia, Lebanon.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. laevigata (Boiss.) PHDavis (Syn .: Ajuga laevigata Boiss. ): Homeland: Eastern and southeastern Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, northern Iraq.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. libanotica P.H.Davis : Home: Lebanon.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. mardinensis P.H.Davis : Homeland: southeastern Turkey, Iraq.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. mesogitana (Boiss.) Bornm. (Syn .: Ajuga mesogitana Boiss. ): Home: Anatolia, Lebanon.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. palaestina (Boiss.) Bornm. (Syn .: Ajuga palaestina Boiss. ): Home: East Aegean Islands, Anatolia, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Israel / Jordan.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. rechingeri (Bilik) PHDavis (Syn .: Ajuga rechingeri Bilik ): Home: Eastern Turkey, Syria.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. suffrutescens (arbitrary) Pott.-Alap. ex Greuter & Brudet , home: Southern Spain, Tunisia, maybe Algeria too.
Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. tridactylites (Ging. ex Benth.) PHDavis (Syn .: Ajuga tridactylites Ging. ex Benth. ): Found in Sinai, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq and Iran.

Common names

Other names for the yellow Günsel (in Latin texts often camaepitheos ) are or were, in some cases only regional: Ackergamander, Birnskün, black cipres, Erdkyfer, Erdpin, Erdweihrauch, field cypress, large gamander, small gamander ( Old High German ), small gamanderlein ( Old High German), Gehtwurz (Old High German), Gihtwurz (Old High German), Gichtwurz ( Middle High German ), Gichwurz (Middle High German), Gichtword ( Middle Low German ), Gitword (Middle Low German), Horhave (Old High German), Karse, Klein Loig, Romischer Keschole, Romischer Keschole Rumesch, sleeping herbs, sleeping herbs, sweet herbs, sweet herbs, Wittkrud, Zeitheid and Zeitkraut.

Use as a medicinal plant

An infusion of the above-ground parts of the plant should have a diuretic effect. Due to its stimulating effect, the plant was used for the treatment of strokes, which is also expressed in its common name "Schlagkraut".

literature

Martin Hanf: color atlas field flora. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-4074-8 .
Andreas Kleinsteuber, Thomas Breunig (collaborators): Lamiaceae, Labiatae. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 , Ajuga chamaepitys , p. 137-139 .
Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 793-794 .

Web links

Commons : Gelber Günsel ( Ajuga chamaepitys ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb., Gelber Günsel. In: FloraWeb.de.
Yellow Gunsel . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Ajuga chamaepitys at Botany in the picture - Flora of Austria .
Information from gartendatenbank.de
Ajuga chamaepitys at Plants For A Future
Ajuga chamaepitys in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
Flora Vascular datasheet .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ajuga chamaepitys. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 10, 2020.
^ Ajuga chamaepitys at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 , pp. 138 .
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 562 ( digitized version ).
^ Johann Christian von Schreber: Plantarum Verticillatarum Unilabiatarum genera et species. Sigfr. Live Crusius, Leipzig 1773, p. 24 (online).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g P. H. Davis: Ajuga . In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Materials for a Flora of Turkey. XXVII. Labiatae, Plumbaginaceae, Plantaginaceae. In: Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Volume 38, No. 1, pp. 23–32 (online) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2

↑ Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 , p. 276-278 ( online ).

^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 13, online.

↑ The Great Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants - Their Use and Their Natural Healing Power . Kaiser, Klagenfurt 1994, ISBN 3-7043-9002-X , p. 55 (Italian: Le erbe . Translated by Walter Wurzer).

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ajuga chamaepitys. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 10, 2020.

[IPCN-2] Ajuga chamaepitys at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[InfoFlora-3] Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .

[FloraBW-4] Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 , pp. 138 .

[SpPl-5] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 562 ( digitized version ).

[Schreber_1773-6] Johann Christian von Schreber: Plantarum Verticillatarum Unilabiatarum genera et species. Sigfr. Live Crusius, Leipzig 1773, p. 24 (online).

[Davis_1980-7] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g P. H. Davis: Ajuga . In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Materials for a Flora of Turkey. XXVII. Labiatae, Plumbaginaceae, Plantaginaceae. In: Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Volume 38, No. 1, pp. 23–32 (online) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2

[MCh-8] Werner Greuter, Hervé-Maurice Burdet, Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 3: Dicotyledones (Convolvulaceae - Labiatae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1986, ISBN 2-8277-0153-7 , p. 276-278 ( online ).

[Pritzel-Jessen_1882-9] Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 13, online.

[Enzyklopädie-10] The Great Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants - Their Use and Their Natural Healing Power . Kaiser, Klagenfurt 1994, ISBN 3-7043-9002-X , p. 55 (Italian: Le erbe . Translated by Walter Wurzer).