Yellow blotchy blotch
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The yellow blotchy blotch ( Russula luteotacta ) |
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| Russula luteotacta | ||||||||||||
| Rea |
The yellow blotchy blotch ( Russula luteotacta ) is a red-capped mushroom from the family of blotched relatives . The strong yellowing of the blubber is a good feature, but the yellowing often only becomes visible after many hours.
features
Macroscopic features
The rather solid hat is 3–8 cm wide, first flattened convex, later depressed to flat funnel-shaped. It is bright pink to blood red in color and often shows large creamy white discolorations. The edge is pale whitish to pinkish red and streaked with red veins. It is smooth and not rubbed, first rolled up, then bent irregularly. The hat skin is slightly greasy and sticky in wet weather, but dries quickly and is then dull and matt. It cannot be peeled off, or only at the outermost edge.
The club-shaped or upwardly narrowed stalk is 2–6 cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm wide. It is white, full and firm and sometimes tinged pink or reddish. The surface of the young mushroom is fine-powder to grainy.
The very narrow lamellae usually run down slightly on the stem, and with age they become clear. They are pale cream in color and sometimes have a grayish tinge. They stand moderately close, are strongly forked at the edge or anastomose . They are more or less rigid or brittle. They often water heavily in damp weather. The spore powder is whitish to light cream in color.
The meat is white and firm and tastes moderately hot. Often it also tastes very bitter. The spiciness develops only when chewing and burns more in the throat. The smell is insignificant or slightly fruity, sometimes the fruiting bodies smell a little like coconut. (Emetica smell).
The meat reacts weakly orange-gray with iron sulphate . The guaiac reaction is usually intensely positive. The lamellas do not turn pink with formaldehyde . All parts of the blubber turn light yellow over bruises, but often only after several hours, often not until the next day.
Microscopic features
The obovate spores are 7–9 µm long and 5.7–7.5 µm wide. They are sometimes, slightly elongated, pustular to almost thorny, with a few connections or short ridges here and there.
The hemispherical, mostly isolated warts are short-conical, often blunt, about 0.6–0.75 µm high and not too numerous. They are clearly amyloid . The apiculus has the dimensions 1–1.75 × 1–1.25 µm, the helical spot is 3 × 2.75 µm. It is warty and more or less rounded at the edge and more or less amyloid.
The basidia are 35–55 µm long and 8.5–11 µm wide. The Zystiden are 67-100 microns long and 5,7-7,5- (11) microns wide. They are cylindrical, spindle-shaped or narrowly club-shaped. At the end they are blunt or tapering to a point or they end in a protruding head. They are numerous and turn yellowish, greyish or blackish in color in sulfovanillin .
The top layer of the hat skin (epicutis) is very dense, more or less strongly gelled and contains very slim (2–3 µm) hyphae . The dermatocystids ( pileocystids ) are cylindrical or convoluted and very long and voluminous. They are 3.5–8.5 µm wide. They turn gray in sulfovanillin. They are usually blunt and rarely narrowed or constricted to head-shaped.
The mediostratum is dense and has few light-refracting spherocytes or laticifers .
Species delimitation
- The not or almost non-removable hat skin, the often pink overflowing stem and the tendency to the slow but intense yellowing characterize the yellow blotchy blotch sufficiently to distinguish it from the other representatives of the sub-section Emeticinae .
- The weak-spotted deafbling , which also yellows, is very similar . But it has cream to ocher-colored lamellas and a similar spore powder.
ecology
The yellow-spotted blotch, like all blotches, is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees . Most often it partners with oaks, but hornbeams , beeches , hazelnuts , poplars and other deciduous trees can also serve as hosts.
The Täubling can be found in shady beech forests such as bedstraw-beech forests , beech-fir forests , orchid-beech forests , but also hornbeam-oak forests and occasionally in hardwood meadows . Outside of forests, it can be found in hedge and forest edge communities as well as in parks.
The Täubling prefers fresh to slightly moist, clay or loamy soils. Particularly humus , neutral to alkaline , base and lime-rich and mostly well supplied with nutrients, but only moderately nitrogen-supplied brown loam , rendzine , lime, brown and parabrown soils as well as alluvial soils over calcareous parent rocks. The Täubling avoids acidic coniferous forests, draughty, cool, summer locations, lime-poor, dry as well as waterlogged, boggy and eutrophic locations.
The fruiting bodies appear from July to mid-October, often in ruts or on the edges of grassy paths or ponds.
distribution
The species occurs in North America and Europe. The main area of distribution in Europe is north-western Europe.
In Germany the species is quite rare and is on the red list in the hazard category RL3.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The weak-spotted blubber is placed by Bon in the sub-section Emeticinae , which is below the section Russula . This subsection includes representatives with predominantly red or pink colored hats, white stems and pure white spore powder. Your meat tastes hot. The weakly spotted blubber does not really fit into this group with its sometimes pale cream-colored spore powder and the pink to reddish stalk.
Romagnesi therefore places him in subsection Persicinae , which is in his section Russula . However, the species show a greater relationship to representatives of the Firmae section . The representatives of the subsection are distinguished by red or rose-colored hats, the pink or reddish-colored stem and the sharp taste.
Varieties
The following varieties have been described:
| variety | author | description |
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| Russula luteotacta var. Oligophylla | ( Melzer ) Jul. Schäff | The variety is similar to the type species, but more robust and less yellowing. The lamellae are further away and are more or less wrinkled or anastomosed . The guaiac reaction is weakly positive. The microscopic features are like the Tpy. Often hygrophilous . |
| Russula luteotacta var. Serrulata | J. Blum | The variety is similar to the type species, but with a larger hat (8–12 cm). This is pink and shows creamy white discoloration. The hat skin is matt and can hardly be removed. The meat tastes hot and smells like apples. The spore powder is white. The fruiting bodies are found on meadows. |
| Russula luteotacta var. Semitalis | J. Blum ex Bon | Similar to the type species, but with a larger, up to 12 cm wide, rose-red and quickly deepened hat that appears veined with white when faded. The white lamellas are quite close. They are arched and easy to walk down a stick. The stem is slender and quite long (7 (10) × 1 cm). It's more or less tinted pink. The meat is hot and the spore powder is whitish to light cream in color. The iron sulfate reaction is weak, the guaiac reaction is positive. The microscopic features are like the type, only that the pileocystids are sometimes a little narrower (4–5 (6) µm). The Täubling occurs in grassy locations. |
meaning
The weakly spotted blubber is not an edible mushroom because of its pungent taste. In large quantities and eaten raw, it is probably slightly toxic.
literature
- Roger Phillips: Russula luteotacta. Rogers Mushrooms website, accessed January 13, 2011 .
- Russula luteotacta. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed January 13, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 70 .
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 568.
- ↑ a b under The Russulales Website ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Russula luteotacta In: H. Romagnesi: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. 1967, on: mycobank.org (French)
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula luteotacta. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula luteotacta. Accessed June 7, 2012 (Täubling rare: Vulnerable).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online (PDF; 592 kB) [accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 293 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula luteotacta. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula luteotacta. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Z. Athanassiou, I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ).
- ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula luteotacta. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula luteotacta in the Pilzoek database . In: pilzoek.de . Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ^ TV Andrianova and others: Russula luteotacta. Fungi of Ukraine. In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, accessed September 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 25, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Spore drawing_1 and Spore drawing_2 after Henri Romagnesi, (1967), from the website of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed on January 13, 2011
- Synonyms of Russula luteotacta. Index Fungorum, accessed January 13, 2011 .
- Russula luteotacta. Deaf of the week. PilzePilze website, accessed on January 13, 2011 (many photos showing the Täubling in all its variety).
- Russula luteotacta. Photos and original description. Russulales News, accessed January 13, 2011 .
- Russula luteotacta. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos of the yellow blotch).