Dewin (Bulgaria)
| Dewin (Девин) | |||
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| Basic data | |||
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| State : |
 Bulgaria
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| Oblast : | Smolyan | ||
| Residents : | 6347 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Coordinates : | 41 ° 44 ′ N , 24 ° 24 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 715 m | ||
| Postal code : | 4800 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+359) 03041 | ||
| License plate : | CM | ||
| administration | |||
| Mayor : | Zdravko Vasilev | ||
| Website : | www.devin.bg | ||
Devin [ dɛvin ] ( bulg . Девин ) is a city in South Bulgaria , in the Smolyan . Until 1934 the city was called Djowlen (Bulgarian Дьовлен).
Dewin municipality
Dewin is the administrative center of the eponymous municipality of Dewin.
geography
Dewin is located in the center of the Rhodope Mountains , in a valley on the Watscha River (Bulgarian Въча), in a basin - like an amphitheater. The city is not far from the winter sports resort Pamporovo and the city of Chepelare . After Smolyan and Zlatograd , Devin is the third largest city in Smolyan Oblast.
Dewin is 196 km southeast of the capital Sofia , 70 km south of the second largest Bulgarian city Plovdiv , 45 km northwest of Smolyan and 35 km from Pamporovo.
There are many karst springs , streams and rivers (Wtscha, Dewinska, Muglenska and Trigradska) and reservoirs in the region, as well as cold and warm mineral springs (16–76 ° C). The mean annual temperature is 4–10 ° C.
history
The old names of Dewin were Diowling (Bulgarian Диовлинг) and until 1934 Djowlen (Дьовлен). In the region there are archaeological finds from the Paleolithic - 30,000 to 25,000 years ago: charred grain, amulets, cult objects, hand axes, bones, etc. a.
During the Neolithic , Copper Stone Age , and Bronze Age (5th - 2nd millennium BC), the region's inhabitants lived in open settlements and caves. Remains of large groups from different cultures have been found in the caves on the Jagodinska reka and Trigradska reka rivers .
In the large cave near the village of Jagodina, traces of settlement have been discovered by residents, which date from the end of the Neolithic and run through all subsequent epochs up to the Middle Ages. the top level of the cave is 1145 m above sea level. The large entrance area of the cave and some galleries (an elongated room in a cave) served as housing.
Biconical ceramic vessels made on a potter's wheel aroused particularly great interest: storage vessels, bowls, goblets, vase-like vessels and drinking cups. The ornaments are made of different colored ocher and graphite . The main motifs are spiral meanders (??), wide ribbons, combinations of thin and wide ribbons, and triangles.
Thracian tribes lived in the region from the end of the Bronze Age (14th century BC) to late antiquity (4th century AD) . The most widespread archaeological monuments of the Thracian culture from this period are numerous Thracian burial mounds, settlements and fortresses (Borino, Jagodina, Trigrad, Warbowo, Stojkite, Dewin and others). A considerable number of Thracian sanctuaries have been discovered, some dating from the 13th century BC. And were established on bare rocky heights. There were sanctuaries from the Hellenistic era in Vidinitsa and in the Stanilova area.
A bronze statue of the god Dionysus was found in Trigrad, and a statue of the god Hermes in the Sabral area . The ancient Thracian ways were later also used by the Romans. Valuable coin finds and other finds prove the trade and cultural exchange with ancient Greece and the coastal region of the Adriatic .
In the following years the Thracians, Slavs and Ur-Bulgarians merged into a single people. The discovered Christian graves that were discovered in the center of today's city speak for the common origin of this people.
The conquest of the Rhodope region by the Ottoman Empire began in 1371. Under Sultan Mehmed IV , the Bulgarians in the region were forcibly Islamized . The sultan was nicknamed "The Hunter" because of his passion for hunting. In 1671 he traveled through the region with a 3,000-man hunting force and 20,000 to 30,000 drivers.
The oldest document in which the city is mentioned is a Turkish list of cattle farmers from 1575.
The Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) ended the 500-year Ottoman rule over the region. the Russian troops came over the Roschen Pass. The region was soon spun off from Bulgaria. In the period 1878–1912, murder and manslaughter ruled the region, as well as robberies and high taxes. In the course of the Balkan Wars , the region was annexed to Bulgaria in 1912. The 21st Srednogorsky Regiment under Colonel Vladimir Serafimov fought in the region (November 7, 1912).
In 1913 a Bulgarian school was opened in the city, and in 1923 the Tschitalischte "Rodopska prosweta" (German: Rhodope Enlightenment).
The city is namesake for the Devin Saddle , a mountain saddle on Livingston Island in Antarctica.