General-Pape-Strasse

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General-Pape-Strasse
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Berlin-Tempelhof General-Pape-Strasse.jpg
View of the street from the north
Basic data
place Berlin
District Tempelhof (east side of the street) ,
Schöneberg (west side of the street)
Created at the end of the 19th century
Connecting roads
Loewenhardtdamm (north) ,
balloon driver path (south)
Cross streets Hertha-Block-Promenade ,
Werner-Voss-Damm
Places Erika-Gräfin-von-Brockdorff-Platz
(starts in the southwest area as a street and then forms the square of the same name)
Buildings Heavy pollution body ,
Alfred-Lion-Steg ,
remains of former military barracks,
Südkreuz station
use
User groups Road traffic
Technical specifications
Street length 1190 m

The General-Pape-Straße , colloquially often just called “Papestraße”, is a 1.2 kilometer long traffic route in the Berlin district of Tempelhof-Schöneberg , which forms the border between Tempelhof and Schöneberg . It was created with the expansion of Berlin and its suburbs at the end of the 19th century and until 1937 still belonged entirely to the catchment area of ​​the Schöneberg administrative district . After numerous regional and administrative reforms, the odd parcel numbers (1–25) are on the western side of the street in Schöneberg, the even parcel numbers on the eastern side of the street belong to Tempelhof.

Naming and location

On February 2, 1897, the access road , which previously only ran over the parade ground and the area of ​​the barracks of the number 1 railway regiment, was given the name of the Prussian general Alexander von Pape (1813–1895).

General-Pape-Straße runs in a south-north direction east parallel to the embankment of the Anhalter Bahn . In the north it joins the Loewenhardtdamm in a slight east bend, in the south the balloon driver path over the Sachsendamm and the city ​​motorway is the continuation. In the short section between the allotment garden complex (KGA) “Papestrasse Block II” and the Werner-Voss-Damm, into which the General-Pape-Strasse joins, there are some preserved residential houses and low-rise buildings that are used by craftsmen's companies. The access roads leading from the north-south route to the commercial properties are also referred to as General-Pape-Strasse and can be identified by multiple numbers on the properties.

history

In the 18th century the area belonged to the farmers of the villages Tempelhof and Schöneberg as arable land. In the 19th century, the Tempelhofer Feld was a large parade ground and its western edge became the location of three railway regiments . The history of the street is therefore inextricably linked with the barracks built here. Three large military facilities with all the necessary supply structures including housing for married army members were built on the site in three stages (around 1892, around 1895–1897 and 1905–1907). Planners, architects and senior construction officials involved were Hermann Böhmer, G. Verworn, Ferdinand Schönhals, garrison building inspector P. Böhm, construction officer Zappe and military building inspector F. Stürmer.

According to the Berlin address books, the street had no count from its official dedication until after 1943. Specifically, the Landwehr service buildings of the (Berlin) District Commandos I, II, III and IV , barracks of the railway regiment number 2 and the airship department as well as barracks of the railway regiment number 3 extended from the Colonnenbrücke / Colonnenweg (at the "military station") southwards .

The stationing of railway regiments resulted from the routes of the military railway as well as the Anhalter Bahn (section Berlin – Groß-Lichterfelder Bahn) and the Berlin-Dresden railway , which had opened in the middle of the 19th century. The area south of the permanent barracks building provided space for field equipment sheds, vehicle hangars and an automobile test station with a workshop building.

When suburban traffic was to be operated on the lines of Anhalter and Dresdener Bahn in addition to long-distance traffic, the need for a transfer station arose at the intersection with the Ringbahn. The station building was erected from 1898 onwards in the acute southern intersection between the ring railway tracks and the long-distance railway tracks, replacing the old crossing structure from 1874. The station, built according to plans by Karl Cornelius and Waldemar Suadicani , was completed in 1901. The new tower station was given the abbreviated name Papestrasse . In 2006, the Südkreuz train station went into operation in its place .

Even after the end of the monarchy and the First World War , the buildings remained as military property. In the 1920s, the three large areas between the Kolonnenbrücke / Dreibundstraße (later Immelmannstraße ) / Tempelhofer Feld (north) to the Ringbahn (south) are still shown (owner first military treasury , later Reich treasury ). The buildings on it served, among other things, a main pension office, other pension offices and a company health insurance fund for the Reich . Around 14 to 18 members of the military and their families lived in the other houses. The systems now belonged to the number 4 railway regiment . In the immediate vicinity of the military station to the north there was an inn, which was named depending on the owner (Glasenappsches Haus, Conradsches Haus, Gerhardtsches Haus).

The barracks in the southern area were joined to the east by the airship test field , from which the manned “Preussen” balloon took off in 1901 at a record altitude of 10,000 meters.

In 1930, construction sites were identified at the very northern beginning of the street, and the tax office for real estate (Berlin) and the Deutsche Reichsbahn AG are now also named as users of the existing buildings .

After the “ seizure of power ” in early 1933, the historic workshop buildings served as a prison for the SA field police during the Nazi dictatorship . The SA military police deported unpopular workers, politically dissenters or Jews , tortured or murdered them here. One of the prisoners was the librarian Hertha Block, after whom a cross street in this area was named in November 2012. Around 500 people are said to have been imprisoned there between March and December 1933, and there is evidence that 30 of them perished as a result of severe mistreatment while in detention or a little later.

By around 1939, the northern section of General-Pape-Strasse had been swiveled; it now ran from Loewenhardtdamm / Immelmannstrasse (since 1949: Dudenstrasse) to Papestrasse station. To the south-east of the station, the Berliner Wasserbetriebe had built administration and supply buildings, which were followed by the allotment gardens 'Hansakorso'. To get there, there was the "passage to the Hansa parade" as a footpath.

The barracks along the eastern side of the road served in the 1940s for several army departments and the navy as the headquarters of various facilities such as a technical school, a medical and orthopedic examination center, and an army acceptance point for communications equipment . With the changed route of the northern section of the road, the construction of the heavy load body was prepared.

During the Second World War , several buildings around the northern barracks yard fell victim to air raids by the Allies . The remains were then cleared , the site parceled out and leased to allotment gardeners. The extensive allotment area of ​​the 'Gartengemeinschaft Papestrasse' (with the parts "Kolonie Papestrasse", "Kolonie Papestrasse Block I" and "Kolonie Papestrasse Block II") covers an area of ​​around 68,700 square meters. The preserved and partially modernized buildings now contain apartments and a branch of the Robert Koch Institute (General-Pape-Straße 62 and 64/66). Commercial enterprises have erected further low-rise buildings on the remaining areas or are using the existing ones. For a short time, the Wilhelm Foerster observatory also moved into premises on General-Pape-Strasse .

The former military station (Schöneberg) was closed after the First World War. His station building then served as a warehouse. It was destroyed in 1945 and the ruins removed in 1955.

A city map from 1946 shows that the following street renaming was planned around 1945/1946: General-Pape-Straße after Adolf Scheidt , Werner-Voss-Damm after Bertha von Suttner and Loewenhardtdamm after Erich Küstner. The Senate apparently did not agree to a renaming, unlike the former Paradeplatz in Tempelhof, which was named Adolf-Scheidt-Platz in 1955 .

Buildings

  • The preserved former barracks, simple yellowish brick buildings as well as those with red bricks and white plaster decorations and stepped gables , have now been renovated and redesigned from 2003 to 2013 into a public place of remembrance and learning on the initiative of the 'Geschichtswerkstatt Papestraße' and the 'Förderverein Gedenkstätte Papestraße' ( SA prison Papestrasse ). A corresponding permanent exhibition, financed with around 200,000 euros from the Deutsche Klassenlotterie Berlin Foundation , opened on March 14, 2013. The torture cellars had been open to the public since 2011. The buildings are under monument protection.
  • For the planning of a gigantic triumphal arch of the world capital Germania , the General Building Inspectorate for the Reich Capital (GBI) had a test body for underground pollution, a heavy pollution body, built here in the northeast area from 1941 to 1942 . This 12,650 ton test specimen, which cannot be demolished, is now a listed building . The bushes and trees planted around the 14 meter high concrete block are now obscuring the view.
  • The Alfred-Lion-Steg , over which the Hertha-Block-Promenade runs, was inaugurated in 2012 as a pedestrian connection over the extensive tracks between the commercial branches and the residential development west of the railway embankment .

Web links

Commons : General-Pape-Straße (Berlin)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Colonnenstrasse 31 . In: Address book for Berlin and its suburbs , 1897, part 5, Schöneberg, p. 157. “Exerzierplatz” (under “Colonnenbrücke”).
  2. ↑ Verworn, G. In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1892, part 1, p. 1391. “Intendant and Baurath in the War Ministry (residing in Steglitz)”.
  3. ^ General Papestrasse . In: Address book for Berlin and its suburbs , 1898, part 5, Schöneberg, p. 168 (General Papestrasse first included).
  4. ↑ The historic Papestrasse station.
  5. ^ Draft sheet from 1898 for the reception building of the Papestrasse station in the archive of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin.
  6. ^ General Pape Street . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1930, part 4, Schöneberg, p. 1578.
  7. ↑ a b Birgitt Etzel: Late honor. The SA once tortured on Papestrasse. Now the victims are remembered there . In: Berliner Zeitung , March 13, 2013, p. 19
  8. ↑ Documentation on the exhibition on the SA prison General-Pape-Straße: Persecuted Doctors in National Socialism , Robert Koch Institute (Ed.), Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-89606-030-9 .
  9. ↑ Kurt Schilde , Rolf Scholz, Sylvia Walleczek: SA prison Papestrasse, traces and testimonials , a font from the Bruno and Else Voigt Foundation, OVERALL Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-925961-17-8 .
  10. ^ General-Pape-Strasse . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1940, part 4, p. 1832.
  11. ↑ Homepage KGA Papestrasse
  12. ↑ Directions to the RKI in Papestrasse ( Memento of the original from March 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rki.de
  13. ↑ Berlin city map 1906 ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alt-berlin.info
  14. ^ Peter Güttler: List of buildings and systems for the railroad . In: Berlin and its buildings, volume B, systems and buildings for traffic, (2) long-distance traffic . Ernst and Son, publishing house for architecture and technical sciences, Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-433-00945-7 , pp. 143-144
  15. ↑ Berlin city map 1946 ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alt-berlin.info
  16. ↑ Monumental barracks General-Pape-Straße 2-66 and Werner-Voss-Damm 54-68
  17. ↑ Heavy Duty Building Monument, General-Pape-Strasse

Coordinates: 52 ° 28 ′ 56.3 "  N , 13 ° 22 ′ 12.5"  E